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WEEK 18:
PNEUMONIA PLENARY:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| respiratory causes of SOB | Upper airway e.g. croup Large airway / medium sized airways e.g. asthma Alveoli e.g. emphysema, pneumonia Pleural problem e.g. pleuritic chest pain Chest wall problem e.g. trauma Respiratory / cardiac interaction e.g. pulmonary embolism |
| cardiac causes of SOB | Cardiac failure including: Heart muscle problem Heart valve problem Heart rhythm problem Obstructive heart problem |
| other causes of SOB apart from respiratory and cardiac | Metabolic e.g. Diabetic ketoacidosis Haematological e.g. anaemia Neuromuscular Psychological e.g. anxiety Physiological e.g. pregnancy Drugs e.g. aspirin overdose |
| what test do you use for covid | PCR (amplifies small amount of genetic material use selective primers to copy short sequences of DNA to make many copies to see if virus present or not) |
| definition of pneumonia | infection of lung tissue form of acute respiratory infection affecting lungs where alveoli are filled with pus and fluid which makes breathing painful and limits oxygen intake thus feeling breathlessness |
| main causes of pneumonia (2) | bacterial and viral |
| classification of pneumonia | community acquired and hospital acquired (mainly aspiration pneumonia) |
| investigations to do | FBC CXR microbiology - sputum culture and blood culture pending PCR urine pneumococcal antigen pending |
| co-amoxiclav | combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid- beta lactam antibiotic which inhibits bacterial cell wall formation |
| enoxaparin | LMWH anticoagulant which reduces blood clotting by binding to antithrombin III and activating it to inhibit thrombin |
| why is enoxaparin given | reduce DVT and PE |
| everyone admitted to hospital should be assessed for | risk of venous thromboembolism |
| strep pneumonia | gram positive cocci (thicker peptidoglycan cell wall which are purple on appearance) |
| risk factors for pneumococcal infection | age less than 2 or more than 65 unimmunized diabetes immunosuppression chronic illness eg CKD/liver disease/ heart disease smoking/ alcohol use |
| after 48 hours of antibiotics what should you switch to | oral (only when pt improving) |
| what should be done after patient discharged | antibiotics (important to complete course 7 days for pneumococcal pneumonia) reduce risk of further serious respiratory infections eg vaccination of hygiene give safety net advice about when to seek medical attention again |
| short term consequences of pneumonnia | parapneumonic effusion empyema lung abscess |
| long term consequence of pneumonia | bronchiectasis |
| lung abscess | pus filled cavity + inflammation l |
| what is used to help stratify risk during illness | CURB (confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure) age is 65 or older |
Created by:
kablooey
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