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IV Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dehydration manifestations | skin tenting, dry mucous membranes, constipation, weight loss, increased BUN, concentrated or dark urine, muscle cramping, electrolyte imbalances, increased thirst, delayed cap refill, tachycardia, low urine output |
| how to insert PIV | pick a site on nondominant hand, distal to proximal, do not use antecubital space, insert 4-6 inches above chosen space, use antiseptic, insert bevel up 10-15 degree angle. good for 96 hours (3-4 days) flush q8h. |
| what is infiltration and its cause | IV fluid leaks into tissue cause: dislodged catheter, fragile vein |
| symptoms of infiltration | cool, discolored, swollen site, pain |
| treatment for infiltration | stop IV, remove PIV, elevate extremity, apply compression, restart elsewhere, document. |
| what is phlebitis and its cause | vein inflammation cause: catheter movement, irritating meds |
| symptoms of phlebitis | redness, warmth, pain, hard palpable vein |
| treatment of phlebitis | stop IV, remove IV, apply warm compress, report, restart IV if ordered |
| what is fluid overload and its cause | excess IV fluid in circulation cause: rapid infusion, renal/cardiac issues |
| symptoms of fluid overload | SOB, crackles, JVD, edema, HTN, bounding pulses, weight gain |
| treatment of fluid overload | slow/stop order, monitor, notify RN/MD, elevate HOB |
| what is air embolism and its cause | air enters vein cause: air in line, disconnected tubing, improper priming |
| symptoms of air embolism | sudden SOB, chest pain, cyanosis |
| treatment of air embolism | clamp line, position client on left side and Trendelenburg, administer O2, call RN/MD, stay with patient |
| what is extravasation and its cause | vesicant leaks into tissue cause: agents that cause blistering of the skin/mucous membranes |
| symptoms of extravasation | pain, burning, blistering |
| treatment of extravasation | Stop IV, leave catheter, aspirate with syringe, administer antidote, remove PIV, compress/elevate, call RN/MD, monitor, document |
| what is localized infection | infection at IV site cause: poor technique |
| symptoms of localized infection | redness, swelling, pain at the side, exudate present |
| treatment of localized infection | discontinue catheter, culture site, cover with sterile dressing, apply warm compress, monitor, report |
| what is septicemia | infection in the bloodstream |
| symptoms of septicemia | VS fluctuations (temperature, hypotension, tachycardia), profuse sweating, N/V/D/ abdominal pain, change in mental status/LOC |
| treatment of sepicemia | discontinue line, notify RN/MD, obtain blood cultures, administer antibiotics, monitor, report changes |
| example of hypotonic solution | 1/2 (0.45%) Normal Saline |
| example of isotonic solution | 0.9% Normal Sterile saline |
| example of hypertonic solution | D5 1/2 Normal Saline |
| Cannulas in order of size from smallest to largest | (smallest) 22,20,18,14,12 (largest) the larger the number the smaller the gauge |
| what is a vesicant? | agents that cause blistering of the skin/mucous membranes (chemo, dopamine, potassium) |
| how can we prevent air emboli in our patients? | use Luer Lock connections, check for cracks in tubing, remove all air from administration sets |
| how long is a PiCC used for | weeks/months |
| how long is a tunneled CVC used for | months to 1 year |
| how long is an implanted port used for | 5 years |
| how long is a peripheral IV used for | 96 hours (3-4 days) |
| what must be checked for a PICC or CVC catheter is used? | confirm placement via x-ray |
| Blood administration is compatible with what isotonic solution | 0.9% NSS |
| what are reasons a patient may needed 09% NS infused? | hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis, shock, hypercalcemia, severe vomiting or diarrhea, resuscitation efforts |
| what are signs of a mild blood transfusion reaction | febrile reaction -> chills, fever, urticaria, muscle pain, tachycardia urticarial reaction -> fever, hives |
| action for febrile transfusion reaction | stop infusion, contact HCP, treat with Tylenol, continue infusion |
| action for urticarial transfusion reaction | stop infusion, contact HCP, treat with Benadryl/Zyrtec, continue infusion |
Created by:
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