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WEEK 22:
Triangles of the neck
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| laryngeal prominence | projection of the thyroid cartilage aka adam's apple |
| main cervical regions (4) | SCM region, posterior cervical region, lateral cervical region (posterior triangle), and anterior cervical region (anterior triangle) |
| borders of the anterior triangle (4) | anterior, posterior, superior, and apex |
| apex of the anterior triangle | jugular notch at manubrium |
| superior border of the anterior triangle | inferior border of mandible |
| anterior border of the anterior triangle | midline of neck |
| posterior border of the anterior triangle | anterior border of SCM |
| borders of the posterior triangle (4) | anterior, posterior, inferior, and apex |
| apex of posterior triangle | where SCM meets trapezius on superior nuchal line of occipital bone |
| anterior border of posterior triangle | posterior border of SCM |
| posterior border of posterior triangle | anterior border of trapezius |
| inferior border of posterior triangle | middle 1/3 of clavicle |
| motor supply of SCM | accessory nerve CNXI (direct branches of cervical plexus C2-C3) for propioception |
| torticollis | twisted or tilted neck, where the head tilts to one side while the chin rotates to the other due to neck muscle spasms |
| SCM origins | manubrium of sternum and medial medial clavicle |
| SCM insertion | mastoid process |
| movement of SCM | lateral flexion with rotation (anterolateral view), extension at atlanto-occipital joints (lateral view), and flexion of cervical vertebrae when person is supine (lateral view) |
| what movements of the SCM would you see in anterolateral view | lateral flexion with rotation |
| what movements of the SCM would you see in lateral view | extension at atlanto-occipital joints and flexion of cervical vertebrae when person is supine |
| trapezius (descending part) motor supply | accessory nerve CNXI |
| trapezius (descending part) function | elevates scapula |
| muscles of the posterior triangle (5) | levator scapulae, anterior scalene, middle scalene, posterior scalene, and inferior belly of omohyoid muscle |
| what are the two triangles of the posterior triangle | occipital and omoclavicular |
| types of scalene muscles (3) | anterior, middle, and posterior |
| innervation of scalene muscles | C4-6 spinal nerves |
| origin of scalene muscles | transverse processes C2-7 |
| anterior scalene muscle attaches to | scalene tubercle on 1st rib |
| middle scalene muscle attaches to | 1st rib posterior to subclavian groove |
| posterior scalene muscle attaches to | 2nd rib |
| arteries in the posterior triangle (3) | subclavian artery, transverse cervical artery (cervicodorsal trunk) and suprascapular artery |
| veins in the posterior triangle (2) | subclavian vein and external jugular vein |
| subclavian is between which muscles | between anterior scalene and middle scalene muscles |
| external jugular vein formed by the union of (2) | posterior auricular vein (PAV) and posterior division of retromandibular vein (pRMV) |
| the external jugular vein drains into | subclavian vein |
| nerves of the posterior triangle | accessory nerve CNXI, trunks of brachial plexus,, and branches of cervical plexus |
| cervical plexus | network of nerves formed by anterior rami of spinal nerves C1-C5 which lie deep to SCM and anterolateral to levator scapulae to give off both motor (deep) and sensory (superficial) branches |
| superficial branches of cervical plexus are | sensory |
| deep branches of cervical plexus are | motor |
| sensory branches of cervical plexus (lets go to sleep) (4) | lesser occipital nerve, greater auricular nerve, transverse cervical nerve, and supraclavicular nerves |
| motor branches of cervical plexus (MAP) (3) | muscular branches (to prevertebral and levator scapulae), ansa cervicalis (C1-3), phrenic nerve (C3-5) |
| muscular branches of cervical plexus to SCM are | proprioceptive ONLY, as motor nerve is CN XI |
| subdivisions of anterior triangle (4) | submental, submandibular, muscular, and carotid triangles |
| submental triangle boundaries (4) | posterior, inferior, anterior, and floor |
| posterior border of the submental triangle | anterior belly of digastric |
| inferior border of the submental triangle | body of hyoid |
| anterior border of the submental triangle | midline of neck |
| floor of the submental triangle | mylohyoid muscle |
| the digastric bellies of the muscle are split in two by | tendon of the hyoid bone |
| submandibular triangle boundaries (3) | superior, anterior, and posterior |
| superior boundary of the submandibular triangle | lower margin of mandible |
| anterior boundary of the submandibular triangle | anterior belly of digastric |
| posterior boundary of the submandibular triangle (2) | posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscles |
| contents of submandibular triangle (3) | submandibular gland, parts of facial artery and vein, hypoglossal nerve |
| carotid triangle boundaries (3) | anterior, superior, and posterior |
| anterior boundaries of the carotid triangle | superior belly of omohyoid |
| superior boundaries of the carotid triangle | posterior belly of digastric |
| posterior boundaries of the carotid triangle | anterior border of SCM |
| contents of carotid triangle (6) | common carotid artery and its bifurcation, internal jugular vein, carotid sheath, vagus nerve (CN X), ansa cervicalis, and hypoglossal nerve (CN XII running superficial to the carotid sheath) |
| common carotid artery bifurcates into | external and internal carotid artery at level fo the superior border of thyroid cartilage (C3/4) |
| the common carotid artery bifurcates into external and internal carotid arteries at which level | level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage (C3/4) |
| carotid sinus | dilated portion at bifurcation which acts as pressure receptor |
| carotid body | a mass at the bifurcation and acts as sensor of O2, CO2, and pH levels |
| the brachiocephalic artery splits into (2) | right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery |
| external carotid artery branches (8) | superior thyroid, lingual, fascial, ascending pharyngeal, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, and superficial temporal |
| internal jugular vein begins where | at jugular foramen as a continuation of sigmoid sinus |
| major tributaries of internal jugular vein (5) | inferior petrosal sinus, pharyngeal plexus, common fascial, lingual, and thyroid (superior and middle) |
| muscular triangle boundaries (3) | superior, medially, and laterally |
| superior border of muscular triangle | hyoid bone |
| medially border of muscular triangle | midline of neck |
| laterally border of muscular triangle | superior belly of omohyoid and SCM |
| contents of muscular triangle (3) | infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, and parathyroid gland |
| suprahyoid muscles (4) | mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, and digastric |
| infrahyoid muscles (4) | thyrohyoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternothryoid |
| ansa cervicalis | nerve loop formed by fibres from cervical plexus providing motor innervation to most of infrahyoid (strap) muscles (u shaped) lying on the carotid sheath in anterior neck |
| the ansa cervicalis lies on top of what structure | carotid sheath |
| arterial supply of thyroid gland (3) | superior thyroid, inferior thyroid, and throidea ima |
| venous drainage of thyroid gland (3) | superior thyroid, middle thyroid, and inferior thyroid |
| inferior thyroid vein typically drains into | brachiocephalic veins (most often the left brachiocephalic vein) |
Created by:
kablooey
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