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global unit 10
vocab and important terms and people
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Lateen Sail | Triangular sail that allowed ships to sail against the wind. |
| compass | Navigational tool that shows direction using Earth's magnetic field. |
| astrolabe | Tool used to calculate latitude by measuring the position of stars. |
| astronomical charts | Star maps that guided sailors on long voyages. |
| caravel | Fast, maneuverable ship with both square and triangular sails. |
| carrack | Large ship used for ocean travel and carrying cargo. |
| fluyt | Efficient Dutch cargo ship requiring fewer sailors. |
| State Sponsorship | Monarchs funded voyages for wealth and territorial gain |
| Conquistador | Spanish conqueror of the Americas. |
| Columbian Exchange | Global exchange of goods, people, and diseases post-1492. |
| Encomienda System | Forced native labor in exchange for 'protection' and conversion. |
| Chattel Slavery | Africans are forcibly brought to the americas for labor and treated as property |
| Mita system | Incan labor system adapted by the Spanish for mining |
| Mercantilism | Economic policy prioritizing national wealth via colonial trade |
| Prince Henry the navigator | Portuguese prince who promoted exploration |
| Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec empire |
| Fransico Pizarro | spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca empire |
| Potosi | Silver mine using mita labor in spanish America |
| triangular trade | three-part trade system between Europe, Africa, and Americas. |
| what goods were brought to the Americas? | the honey bee, pigs, sheep, cattle, horses, coffee, citrus, bananas, grains, and sugar cane. |
| what goods were brought from the Americas to the rest of the world? | Quinne, pumkin, tobacco, turkey, squash, yams, avocado, cacao, pineapple, peppers, peanuts, potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beansl vanilla, llamas, and rubber. |
| what were the main minerals Europeans wanted from the Americas? | Silver and gold. |
| Polygamy | the act of having more than one wife. this was a common practice during the columbian exchange when african slave labor increased due to the population of women being signficantly greater than the men. |
| why were natives a struggle to keep as slaves for the europeans? | they wer dying from diseases and new the land better than the Europeans so they could escape easily. |
| what would African tribes do to get guns? | they would fight other tribes and turn in men to the Europeans in exchange for guns and weaponry. |
| what happened to the social hierarchy? | the class system became more based on skin tone and where you came from rather than money, education, and wealth |
| generally was tech innovations helped exploration? | advances in ship building, navigation, and understanding of geography. |
| what were the motivations for exploration? | "god, gold, and glory" spreading christianity, gaining wealth, and achieving fame were mainly why. |
| what were encounters with natives like? | most interactions were violent, fighting and conquering the natives aswell as giving them diseases that they had no immunity to. |
| what was the one group that had an okay relationship with the natives? | the french. they set up a trade system with the natives and it kept their relationship pretty healthy compared to others. |
| what is the idea of state sponcership and monarch funding? | its the idea that monarchs and taxes from states paid for the exploratinos and voyages of these navigators. |
Created by:
EdieIB
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