Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
WEEK 31:
joints of the lower limb:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ligaments of hip joint (3) | Iliofemoral ligament, Pubofemoral ligament, and Ischiofemoral ligament |
| Ligament running through head of femur supplied by | Obturator artery |
| Obturator artery is a branch of | Internal iliac artery |
| Transverse acetabular ligament | Fibres across acetabular notch making it into a foramen (cotyloid fossa) for blood vessels and nerves to run through and is attachment point for ligamentum teres which connects the acetabulum to femur |
| LTN | iliopsoas muscle (psoas major and iliacus muscles) |
| iliopsoas muscle consists of (2) | psoas major and iliacus muscles |
| GTN (4) | Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, gluteus maximus and, TFL |
| Iliofemoral ligament | Between illum and femur |
| pubofemoral ligament | Between pubis and femur |
| Function anterior hip joint ligaments (2) | Resists hyperextension and lateral rotation at hip joint during standing, and limits extension and abduction |
| Function of posterior hip joint ligament | Limit extension and medial rotation of thigh |
| Knee joint ligaments can be split into (2) | extra-articular ligaments and intra-articular ligaments |
| Extra-articular ligaments (5) | Patellar ligament, fibular collateral ligament (lateral), tibial collateral ligament (medial), oblique popliteal ligament, and arcuate popliteal ligament |
| intra-articular ligaments (3) | Anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament of menisci of the knee |
| Articular surfaces of ankle joint | Distal ends of tibia and fibula (along with inferior transverse part of posterior tibiofibular ligament) a malleolar mortise into which the pulley shaped trochlea of the talus fits |
| Types of ligaments of ankle joint (2) | Lateral ligament and medial ligament (deltoid ligament) of the ankle |
| Lateral ligaments of the ankle joint (3) | Anterior talofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament, and calcaneofibular ligament |
| Medial ligaments of the ankle (deltoid ligament) (4) | Tibionavicular part, tibiocalcaneal part, anterior tibiotalar part, and posterior tibiotalar parts |
| Shape of trochlea | pulley shaped |
| Malleolar mortise | Rectangular space/ socket created by the medial malleolus of the tibia and lateral malleolus of the fibula |
| Ligamentum teres | Ligament connecting the acetabulum to the femur |
| Cotyloid fossa (acetabulum fossa) | The fossa in the acetabulum created by the ligamentum teres |
| Function of medial ligament | Prevents overextension of the foot and helps maintain the medial longitudinal arch |
| Deltoid ligament | strong triangular band on the inner ankle that stabilises the joint and resists excessive eversion of the foot and connects the tibia to multiple tarsal bones (talus, navicular, and calcaenous) |
| location of the deltoid ligament | attached above to the apex and anterior and posterior borders of the medial malleolus of the tibia |
| tibionavicular ligament | connects the tibia to the navicular and helps suspend the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament |
| tibiocalcaneal ligament | attaches the tibia to the calcaneus, preventing valgus displacement |
| anterior tibiotalar ligament | runs from medial malleolus to the medial talus, resisting lateral displacement and external rotation |
| posterior tibiotalar ligament | stabilises the talus posteriorly and contributes to medial ankle support |
| Standing at ease involves (5) | Feet slightly apart and rotated laterally (penguin), toes point outward, where only a few back and LL muscles active, hip and knee joints are extended and in the most stable position, and ankle joint is less stable |
| Line of gravity | Falls between two limbs where weight of body is symmetrically distributed around centre of gravity |
| Movements of LL- thigh and leg (6) | Abduction, lateral rotation, adduction, medial rotation, extension, flexion |
| Movement of foot (4) | Eversion, inversion, dorsiflexion, and plantarflexion |
| Knee flexion innveration | L5, S1 |
| Knee extension innervation | L3,4 |
| Leg flexion innervation | L2,3 |
| Leg extension innervation | L5,S1 |
| Foot eversion innervation | L5,S1 |
| Foot inversion innervation | L4,5 |
| Dorsiflexion innervation | L4,5 |
| Plantarflexion innervation | S1,2 |
| ankle reflex innervation | S1, S2 (1, 2 buckle my shoes) |
| types of tendon reflexes (in order of song) (4) | ankle reflex, patella reflex, biceps reflex, and triceps reflex |
| Patella reflex innervation | S3, S4 (3, 4 kick down the door) |
| Biceps reflex innervation | C5, C6 (5, 6 pick up sticks) |
| Triceps reflex innervation | C7, C8 (7, 8 lay them straight) |
| Knee bursae function | Communication with synovial cavity of knee joint |
| types of knee bursa (4) | suprapatellar bursa, popliteus bursa, anserine bursa, and gastrocnemius bursa |
| abnormal plantar reflex | babinski's sign - dorsiflexion |
| Suprapatellar bursa | Largest and important where infection may spread to knee joint cavity |
| Popliteus bursa | deep to distal quadriceps |
| Anserine bursa | deep to tendinous distal attachments of the sartorius gracialis, and semitendinosus |
| Types of arches of the foot (2) | Longitudinal and transverse |
| Function of foot arches | Distribute weight and act as shock absorbers and spring boards |
| Arches of the foot are supported by (3) | Plantar aponeurosis, ligaments and tendons |
| Flat feet (fallen arches) are often due to | Tibialis posterior failing to provide support meaning plantar calcanenavicular ligament no longer supporting head of talus meaning head of talus displaces and medial longitudinal arch flattens and lateral forefoot deviates |
| TCL | tibial collateral ligament |
| fovea capitate femoris | oval shaped depression located posteroinferior to center of femoral head serving as the attachment site for ligamentum teres (ligament of the head of the femur), which connects the femur to the acetabular notch. It acts as a guide for small blood vessels |
| fracture of the femoral neck can lead to | injuries of the retinacular arteries (branches of the medial circumflex femoral artery) leading to avascular necrosis of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, and iliopsoas |
| dislocation of hip joint can lead to | affect sciatic nerve (especially in posterior dislocation which is most common) leading to weakness of hamstrings, paralysis below the knee and sensory loss in the leg/foot |
| dislocation of patellar can lead to | affected femoral and saphenous nerve affecting the quadriceps (especially vastus medialis which is the MOST important stabiliser) and rectus femoris (contributes to extension instability) |
| other names for bursitis | housemaids knee and clergyman's knee |
| drawers sign | a physical examination maneuver used to detect knee ligament tears, specifically the ACL or PCL (that weird test where bend knee at 90* and try crack it to the left and right that I did on kiyal) |
| ankle sprain can lead to | affects anterior talofibular ligament (most commonly torn) and calcaneofibular ligament (next most commonly torn) affecting the superficial fibular nerve (sensory loss over dorsum of foot) and deep fibular nerve (affects web space sensation) |
| tarsal tunnel syndrome | compressive neuropathy where posteior tibial nerve is squeezed/ compressed within the ankle's tarsal tunnel often caused by flat feet, ijuries or inflammation |
| Pott's fracture | fracture of distal fibula (lateral malleolus) often with medial ligament injury of medial malleolus fracture (due to eversion injury) |
| muscles affected in a hip dislocation | gluteus maximus and gluteus medius (impaired extension and abduction), piriformis (torn or stretched in posterior dislocation), and iliopsoas (anterior dislocation) |
| artery affected in hip dislocation | medial circumflex femoral artery leading to avascular necrosis |
| tendons and ligaments affected in a patellar dislocation | patellar tendon (usually intact but functionally affected), and medial patellofemoral ligament (most commonly torn structure in LATERAL dislocation) |
| explain the typical dislocation in hips | lateral due to weak VMO and strong lateral pull of quadriceps leading to loss of effective knee extension and knee instability (knee 'giving way') |
| if the superficial fibular nerve is affected what occurs | sensory loss over dorsum of foot |
| movement inhibited in ankle sprain | weakened eversion as peroneal muscles are affected |
| structures in the tarsal tunnel syndrome affected (tom, dick and very nervous harry) (6) | Tibialis posterior tendon, flexor Digitorum longus tendon, posterior tibial Artery, posterior tibial Vein, tendon Nerve, and flexor Hallucis longus tendon |
| symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome | pain, tingling in sole of foot, weak toe flexion (late), and anything similar to carpal tunnel but in foot |
| structures affected in a Pott's fracture | deltoid ligament (commonly torn), lateral malleolus (fibula), sometimes medial malleolus (tibia), tibial nerve, sural nerve (leading to sensory loss along lateral foot), tibialis posterior and flexor tendons |
| nerves affected in a Pott's fracture | tibial nerve and sural nerve |
| key mechanism of Pott's fracture | eversion injury- strong deltoid ligament pulls causing fracture rather than tearing alone |
Created by:
kablooey
Popular Medical sets