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WEEK 25:
Introduction to lower limbs and clinical relevance:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| tibial means | medial |
| fibular means | lateral |
| extensors are in the | anterior compartment |
| flexors are in the | posterior compartment |
| dorsum of the foot is | anterior (on top) |
| Intertrochanteric -line & -crest | the area of the femur located between the greater and lesser trochanters at the top of the thigh bone |
| linea aspera | prominent ridge on the posterior surface of the femur |
| fascia lata | deep fascia of the thigh which is very strong and thickened laterally into the iliotibial tract |
| movement of the gluteal region (3) | extend, abduct, and rotate hip |
| posterior compartments of the thigh | hamstrings |
| gluteal region consists of | gluteal muscles |
| posterior compartment of the thigh movement | extension of hip and flexion of knee |
| often site of hamstring injuries | ischial tuberosity - with tearing of proximal attachment |
| anterior compartment of thigh | anterior thigh muscles |
| movement of anterior compartment of thigh | flexors of hip and extensors of knee |
| medial compartment of thigh consist of | adductor muscles |
| movement of medial compartment of thigh | adduct thigh |
| extensors of knee | quadriceps - act via quadriceps tendon |
| gracilis | weak adductor used in transplantation |
| groin strain is caused when | someone pull/tears one of the proximal attachments of an adductor/flexor |
| posterior compartment of leg | plantar flexors (calf muscles) |
| lateral compartment of leg | elevators (evert the foot) |
| 2 groups in the posterior compartment of leg | superficial group and deep group |
| superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg | all plantarflex ankle |
| deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg | most plantarflex ankle / flex toes |
| fibularis tertius | does aid in eversion but is in anterior compartment |
| anterior compartment of leg | dorsiflexors of ankle and extensors of toes |
| femoral nerve | L2-4, which innervates most anterior compartment of thigh |
| obturator nerve | L2-4, which innervates most medial compartment of thigh |
| superior gluteal nerve | L4-S1, which innervates some muscles of gluteal region |
| inferior gluteal nerve | L5-S2, which innervates some muscles of gluteal region |
| sciatic nerve | L4-S3, which innervates posterior compartment of thigh |
| sciatic nerve branches into (2) | common fibular nerve and tibial nerve |
| lumbar plexus | L1-4 |
| sacral plexus | L4-S4 |
| superficial muscles are found in | lateral compartment of leg |
| superficial muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg are innervated by | common fibular nerve |
| deep muscles are found in | anterior compartment of leg |
| deep muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg are innervated by | common fibular nerve |
| posterior compartment of leg is innervated by | tibial nerve |
| anterior thigh trauma can lead to | femoral nerve (L2-4) injury |
| hip surgery can injure/ relates to | superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1) |
| posterior hip dislocation can injure | sciatic nerve (L4-S3) |
| when the neck of fibula is fractured/ trauma what is injured | common fibular nerve |
| profunda femoris artery | deep artery of thigh |
| clinical importance of femoral artery | can be palpated and can be cannulated (just inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament) |
| circulatory problems that are most likely to affect the lower limb (3) | arterial insufficiency, venous insufficiency, and lymph (oedema) |
| femoral triangle borders (4) | base, medial, lateral and apex |
| base of the femoral triangle | inguinal ligament |
| medial boundary of the femoral triangle | adductor longus |
| lateral boundary of femoral triangle | sartorius |
| content in the femoral triangle (5) | femoral nerve, femoral artery and branches, femoral vein and tributaries (eg great saphenous vein), femoral canal, and lymphatic vessels and nodes |
| borders of the popliteal fossa (3) | superolateral, superomedial, and inferior |
| superolateral border of the popliteal fossa | biceps femoris |
| superomedial border of popliteal fossa (2) | semimembranosus and semitendinosus tendon |
| inferior border of the popliteal fossa | lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius |
| content of the popliteal fossa (6) | tibial nerve, popliteal vein, popliteal artery and branches, common fibular nerve, termination of small saphenous vein, and lymphatic vessels and nodes |
Created by:
kablooey
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