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AP World Vocab U2
| Silk Roads | A system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other trade goods; known for spreading religions such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam as well as technological transfers and diseases like the Bubonic Plague |
| Indian Ocean Trade | Connected to Europe, Africa, South Asia, and China; world's richest maritime trading network and area of rapid Muslim expansion, spread of goods and ideas |
| Trans-Saharan Trade | Route across the Sahara Desert; traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling desert, camels and camel saddles were crucial in the development of these trade networks; facilitated the spread of Islam |
| Magnetic compass | Chinese invention that aided navigation by showing which direction was north |
| Rudder | Steering device, usually a vertical blade attached to a post at, or near, the stern of the boat; improved sea trade |
| Junk ship | A very large flat bottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specially designed for long distance commercial travel and participation in the tribute system |
| Kashgar | Also known as Kashi, a central trading point at which the western and the eastern Silk Road met; It is one of the westernmost cities of China, near the border with modern day Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan |
| Samarkand | During the rule of Timur Lane was the most influential capital city, a wealthy trading center known for decorated mosques and tombs; a key trading city along the Silk Roads |
| paper money | Legal currency issued on paper; it developed in China as a convenient alternative to metal coins; facilitated trade |
| Caravanserai | An inn with a central courtyard for travelers in the desert regions of Asia or North Africa; allowed caravans and their camels to rest in a protected environment, encouraging trade |
| Hanseatic League | An organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance; facilitated trade and commercial growth in the 1200-1450 time period |
| Porcelain | A thin beautiful pottery invented in China |
| Monsoon winds | seasonal wind in India, the sinter monsoon brings hot, dry weather and the summer monsoon brings rain |
| Spice Islands | Europeans' name for the Moluccas, islands rich on cloves and nutmeg - highly valued spiced often traded in the Indian Ocean trade network |
| Diaspora | A dispersion of people from their homeland; merchant communities of Muslim spread Islam through Southeast Asia |
| Dhow Ships | Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails; strongly influenced European ship design; facilitated trade in the Indian Ocean networks |
| Mansa Musa | Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His extravagant pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world |
| Timbuktu | Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning thanks to its location in the Trans-Saharan trade networks, universities, mosques, and libraries |
| Camel Saddle | An invention which gives camel riders more stability on the animal and its invention and the basic idea traveled along the Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade Route. Invented somewhere between 500 and 100 BCE by Bedouin tribes |
| Caravan | Group of traveling merchants and animals |
| Sundiata | The founder of the Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes along the Trans-Saharan trade networks |
| Khan | Name for a Mongol ruler |
| Khanates | Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Genghis Khan |
| Pax Mongolica | The period of approximately 150 years of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire |
| Golden Horde | Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam |
| Il-Khanate | Mongol empire that ruled over Iran (Persia) and the Middle East |
| Yuan Dynasty | (1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureaucrats; did not emphasize Confucianism and the civil service exams |
| Bubonic Plague | aka Black Death; spread through Asia and Europe and killed > 1/3 of the population in some areas; hit Europe (peak 1347-1351) especially hard due to unsanitary living conditions and overcrowded cities; spread due to increased trade along the Silk Roads |
| Gunpowder | Invented within China during the 9th century, this substance became the dominate military tech used to expand European and Asian empires by the 15th century; spread from East to West via trade networks like the Silk Roads and help form the Pax Mongolica |
| Ibn Battuta | (1304-1369) Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period |
| Marco Polo | (1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period |
| Margery Kempe | Wrote the Book of Margery Kempe - considered the 1st autobiography in the English language. Chronicles her pilgrimages to holy sites in Europe and Asia. Claimed to have vision that called her to leave the vanities of the world |
| Swahili city-states | City coasts that actively participated in Indian Ocean trade along the east coast of the African continent |
| Zheng He | (1371-1433?) Chinese Ming Dynasty naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of Asia, Japan, and half way down the east coast of Africa before his death; facilitated China's role in the tribute system in the Indian Ocean trade network |
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