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WEEK 24:
Effects of Immobilisation on Skeletal muscle:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| muscle synthesis and degradation is determined by | nitrogen balance - stable isotope tracer |
| muscle protein synthesis declines during | immobilisation |
| catabolism | break |
| anabolism | build |
| systems which break down proteins (proteolytic systems) in skeletal muscle (3) | lysosomal (cathepsin BHLD) , Ca2+ dependent (calpain 1 2 3), and ubiquitin-proteasome dependent (ubiquitin E1/2/3 26s proteasome) |
| insulin resistance and immobilisation definition | diminished ability of skeletal muscle to increase blood glucose disposal in response to elevated blood glucose and insulin concentrations |
| why does immobilisation (eg reduced mass and size of being in a sling) lead to atrophy (3) | lack of muscle contraction, perfusion deficits, an muscle lipid accumulation |
| difference between isometric and lean muscle mass rehabilitation | isometric is used after surgery to activate muscles (eg pushing against a wall) but lean is used to increase and build muscle back up later on |
| Akt/mTOR pathway | protein synthesis (Akt=activates protein) and (mTOR= builds protein) |
| relationship between Akt/mTOR pathway and phosphorylation | phosphorylation activates it |
| for rehabilitation/ muscle mass restoration what can be used apart from exercise and movement | nutritional and pharmacological intervention |
| link between the Akt/mTOR pathway (protein synthesis) and insulin | insulin activates it (signals that there are nutrients available which can be stored as energy to build muscle) |
| mechanism of Akt/mTOR pathway | Insulin binds receptor → insulin receptor phosphorylates IRS → IRS activates PI3K → PI3K creates lipid signals to recruit Akt to membrane → Akt phosphorylated and activated and stimulates mTOR→ protein synthesis |
| inflammation causes | induces muscle wasting - which can be profound in severe cases eg sepsis, and induces muscle insulin resistance and impairs carbohydrate oxidation (krebs blah blah) |
| how does muscle wasting (atrophy) occur | inhibition of muscle protein synthesis and increase in muscle protein breakdown |
| describe metabolism in severe sepsis | high (break down and use more) |
Created by:
kablooey
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