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Pharmacology Midterm
Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which structure has a function in both the respiratory and digestive systems? | pharynx |
| Age-related blurred vision can be corrected with? | bifocal lenses. |
| If an individual stops breathing while they are sleeping, they are experiencing? | apnea. |
| Which structures warm and moisten the air and trap dust particles and bacteria? | cilia |
| Which of the following is classified as a liquid preparation? | syrup |
| Which term describes the number of parts you are taking of the whole? | numerator |
| Which cells are part of the internal immune system? | Leukocytes |
| A person who has difficulty breathing when lying down is experiencing which condition? | apnea |
| Which structure gives the eye its color? | iris |
| Which term means farsightedness, a condition that normally occurs as a result of the aging process? | presbyopia |
| Which is the definition of physiology? | the study of the functions of cells, tissues, and organs of living organisms. |
| Which structure prepares undigested substances for elimination from the body? | large intestine |
| One-celled plants and animals are called | microorganisms. |
| Antibiotics act on the body by? | destroying parts of cells. |
| Which is the most important defense mechanism of the external immune system? | skin |
| Which bacteria would cause an infection deep within the body, such as in a joint? | anaerobic bacteria |
| The rhythmic contractions of the lining of the GI tract to push food along the passageway is defined as which of the following? | peristalsis |
| Which statement describes classifications of medication forms? | liquids; semiliquid's; semisolids; solids |
| Which statement describes the action that antihistamines have on the body? | Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation. |
| Which is the definition of the term pharmacology? | the study of drugs |
| A needle with a length of 1/4 - 5/8 inches is most commonly used for which type of injection? | intradermal injection |
| Which vitamin deficiency may result in night blindness? | vitamin A |
| Which structures are the functional units of the lung? | alveoli |
| Which term refers to round-shaped bacteria? | cocci |
| All of the following dosage forms contain alcohol except | syrups. |
| Insulin acts on the body by? | replacing natural substances that the body lacks. |
| Which term describes combinations of drugs with other ingredients that allow for easier ingestion, dosage control, and application to various body parts? | preparations |
| All of the following statements are incorrect except | arterial blood is bright red, highly oxygenated, and travels from the heart to the capillaries. |
| Which is a source of heparin? | an animal |
| The mechanical action of breaking up food into smaller pieces is performed by which structure? | mouth |
| When the body temperature elevates and causes the blood vessels of the dermis to dilate, which sign or symptom may occur? | perspiration |
| Which is an example of a proper fraction? | 2/3 |
| Which term refers to the process of placing a small amount of dead or weak disease germs into the body? | vaccination |
| Which term describes the "white" of the eye? | sclera |
| Hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, and sense receptors are contained in the? | dermis |
| Which structure receives food directly from the stomach, where it is mixed with strong digestive juices from the liver and pancreas? | duodenum |
| The route of administration, the time of day the drug is administered, diet, and environmental conditions are all factors that affect | drug action. |
| An organic substance necessary for metabolism and normal growth and development in an individual is called a(n) | vitamins. |
| An abnormally thick fluid formed in the lower respiratory tract that may contain blood, pus, or bacteria is called which of the following terms? | sputum |
| All of the following are routes to administer a parenteral medication except | oral. |
| Which term describes a protective response of body tissues to irritation and injury—a process that results in swelling, redness, pain, and heat? | inflammation |
| Which type of cells contain a skin-color pigment that gives a person's skin its characteristic color? | melanocytes |
| If glaucoma goes unnoticed and untreated which condition may occur? | blindness |
| Age, size, sex, and genetics are factors that affect | drug action. |
| The part of the skin that supplies support, insulation, nutrition, and cushioning or padding is the? | subcutaneous layer. |
| Rickets may occur in patients with a deficiency of? | vitamin D. |
| The transparent anterior portion of the eye is the? | cornea. |
| Which term describes an invasion by pathogens that reproduce, multiply, and cause infection? | infection |
| Which type of drugs must always bear the label "Sterile—for ophthalmic use"? | eye medications |
| The process of administering medications by injection using a needle and syringe is ? | parenteral medication administration. |
| The key ingredient in a drug that produces a therapeutic effect is referred to as? | an active ingredient. |
| Which statement describes how a tuberculin syringe is calibrated? | hundredths of cubic centimeters |
| Which term describes the part of a syringe that is a hollow cylinder and holds the medication? | the barrel |
| Which term describes the transportation of a drug from the bloodstream to the body tissues and intended site of action? | distribution |
| Which of the following is the average adult blood pressure? | 120/80 |
| Before administering digoxin, the healthcare worker must check the apical pulse. Digoxin should not be given if the pulse is below? | 60 bpm. |
| Which is the definition of the term pharmacodynamics? | the body's response to drugs |
| Which is a source of morphine? | a plant |
| Which statement describes how to multiply fractions? | Multiply numerator by numerator and denominator by denominator. |
| A technique whereby a probe is attached to the ear, finger, toe, or bridge of the nose to measure the oxygen concentration of the blood is which of the following? | pulse oximetry |
| Which is the definition of pathology? | the study of the disease process |
| A standard hypodermic needle is calibrated ? | in cubic centimeters. |
| The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) developed MyPlate to assist in food buying and preparation. It is based on a diet of _________blank calories per day. | 2000 |
| A patient diagnosed with edema associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) and hypertension would be prescribed | diuretics. |
| Which statement does not describe a function of skin? | trigger for hormonal secretions during stress |
| Which term is defined as labored or difficult breathing that occurs because of fluid accumulation in the interstitial tissues and lungs? | dyspnea |
| A medication preparation that is commonly delivered by oral inhaler, allowing for rapid absorption into the bloodstream, is a(n) | aerosol. |
| A common symptom observed in patients with asthma, bronchitis, or allergies is which of the following? | wheezing |
| What term refers to the exchange of gases between blood and air? | respiration |
| The passage of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream is referred as? | absorption. |
| All of the following terms describe a part of the integumentary system except | fascia. |
| Which term describes small, fingerlike projections of the small intestinal lining that provide a large surface area for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream? | villi |
| Which term describes chemical substances that aid digestion and are secreted by the glands in the mouth, the lining of the stomach, and from the accessory organs? | enzymes |
| A preparation that must be shaken prior to administration is a? | suspension. |
| All of the following are conditions in which supplementation of the diet with vitamins and minerals may be necessary except? | adolescence. |
| Which of the following may form in susceptible people taking megadose of vitamin C that increases the renal excretion of uric acid? | kidney stones |
| Which term describes microbes that produce infection and disease? | pathogens |
| During the digestive process which structure works to absorb nutrients into the bloodstream? | small intestine |
| Which visual structure demonstrates decreased pupil size, slower dilation after exposure to light, and decreased near vision and accommodation as the patient ages? | iris |
| Which is an example of a mixed number? | 1 1/2 |
| Which drug classification does Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) belong? | anticoagulant |
| Which is a source of Epsom salts? | a mineral |
| Which statement describes how to multiply a fraction by a whole number? | Multiply the whole number by the numerator of the fraction. |
| Which is an eye disorder characterized by increased intraocular pressure? | glaucoma |
| As the patient ages which visual structure has decreased sharpness of vision and loss of central vision? | retina |
| The three main kinds of blood cells are? | erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets. |
| When doing calculations, mixed numbers must be changed to | improper fractions. |
| Which is the source of Bactrim? | chemicals |
| Which term describes a hard protein contained in the cells of the epidermis, nails, and hair that is both waterproof and a barrier to pathogens and chemicals? | keratin |
| Which is the definition of anatomy? | the study of the structure of body parts |
| All of the following are functions of saliva except? | signaling the esophagus to begin peristalsis. |
| Which layer of the skin contains collagen, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and connective tissue? | dermis |
| Which of the following influences metabolism? | enzymes |
| Which term is used to describe vitamins when they are taken in large doses? | drugs |
| Which term describes the outermost layer of skin? | epidermis |
| A megadose of supplementation is defined as? | 10–20 times the RDA. |
| Which is an effect that aging has on the heart? | The heart becomes larger because it loses its elasticity. |
| A liquid suspension for external application to the skin to relieve pain and swelling is a(n)? | liniment. |
| In the fraction 4/9, the number 4 is the? | numerator. |
| Which statement describes the action that stimulants have on the body? | speeds up the energy-producing functions of cells |
| Yellow fruits and to vegetables, green leafy vegetables, and sunlight contain? | fat-soluble vitamins. |
| Which term describes how an insulin syringe is calibrated? | in units |
| The diameter of the lumen of the needle is called the? | gauge. |
| As a patient ages which visual structure undergoes decreased tear production, causing dry, irritated eyes? | lacrimal ducts |
| Which condition occurs if the stomach is irritated and peristalsis takes place in the opposite direction? | vomiting |
| Which is an example of an improper fraction? | 5/4 |
| Food and saliva are kept from entering the lungs by which structure? | epiglottis |
| The parenteral route involves breaking through the skin's protective covering, which increases the risk of? | infection. |
| All of the following types of medications can be administered to alcoholics or diabetics except? | elixirs. |
| Which statement describes how to reduce a fraction? | Divide both the numerator and the denominator by the largest number that will go into them evenly. |
| Which drug classification is indicated for treating high cholesterol? | antilipemics |
| Which term describes the body's way of removing the waste products of ordinary cell processes? | excretion |
| The method of stimulating the production of antibodies by exposing the body to weakened or killed germs is called? | immunization. |
| Which term is used to describe food mixed with stomach secretions? | chyme |
| The average adult pulse should be | 60–100 bpm. |
| If an unfamiliar microorganism enters the body which protein(s) is (are) produced? | Antibodies |
| Which term describes the part of a syringe that changes the air pressure in the syringe, pulling air or medication in, and forcing air or medication out? | the plunger |
| Catalysts for protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism are found in | water-soluble vitamins. |
| Which is the source of the drug digitalis? | a plant |
| Which term describes a way of expressing an amount that is part of a whole? | fraction |
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