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Chapters 10-12
Med143 Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A patient diagnosed with edema associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) and hypertension would be prescribed? | Diuretics |
| Which drug classification is indicated for treating high cholesterol? | Antilipemic |
| Which drug classification does Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) belong? | Anticoagulant |
| Before administering digoxin, the healthcare worker must check the apical pulse. Digoxin should not be given if the pulse is below? | 60 bpm |
| Which of the following is the average adult blood pressure? | 120/80 |
| The average adult pulse should be? | The average adult pulse should be. |
| The three main kinds of blood cells are? | Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets. |
| All of the following statements are incorrect except? | Arterial blood is bright red, highly oxygenated, and travels from the heart to the capillaries. |
| Which is an effect that aging has on the heart? | The heart becomes larger because it loses its elasticity. |
| Which term is defined as labored or difficult breathing that occurs because of fluid accumulation in the interstitial tissues and lungs? | Dyspnea |
| Which is the medical term for chest pain? | Angina Pectoris |
| Which condition is characterized by irregular heartbeats? | Dysrhythmias |
| Which of the following is the medical term that describes a cessation of sufficient circulation of blood from the heart along with a sudden cessation of breathing? | Cardiac Arrest |
| Which of the following is the appropriate diagnoses for a patient whose ventricles of the heart are unable to contract and pump properly, and exhibits signs of fatigue, dyspnea, tachycardia, chest pain, and edema? | Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) |
| The goals of cholesterol management include maintaining? | Low levels of LDL cholesterol, high levels of HDL cholesterol. |
| Aspirin, thrombolytics or clot busters, anticoagulants, analgesics, nitroglycerin, beta blockers, and antilipemic are indicated to treat | Myocardial Infarction. |
| Pooling of blood in the veins that is associated with immobility, obesity, pregnancy, CHF, and steroid therapy can lead to. | Thrombophlebitis. |
| Which is the most common arterial disorder that is characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls? | Arteriosclerosis |
| Which condition is referred to as the "silent killer"? | Hypertension |
| Which medical condition is the result of a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, the quality of hemoglobin, and the volume of hematocrit present? | Anemia |
| A drug classification that raises blood pressure by causing the blood vessels to contract are? | Vasoconstrictors. |
| The most common vasodilator that relaxes or dilates the walls of the arteries to control angina pectoris is? | Nitroglycerin. |
| A patient stands up quickly and experiences a sudden drop in their blood pressure. They are experiencing? | Orthostatic Hypotension. |
| A provider has prescribed digoxin for a patient with an arrhythmia. Which of the following must be checked on a daily basis to monitor the patient? | Pulse |
| Which drug classification interacts with over the counter (OTC) drugs such as aspirin and antacids? | Anticoagulants |
| What term refers to the exchange of gases between blood and air? | Respiration |
| Which structures warm and moisten the air and trap dust particles and bacteria? | Cilia |
| Which structure has a function in both the respiratory and digestive systems? | Pharynx |
| Food and saliva are kept from entering the lungs by which structure? | Epiglottis |
| Which structures are the functional units of the lung? | Alveoli |
| A technique whereby a probe is attached to the ear, finger, toe, or bridge of the nose to measure the oxygen concentration of the blood is which of the following? | Pulse oximetry |
| An abnormally thick fluid formed in the lower respiratory tract that may contain blood, pus, or bacteria is called which of the following terms? | Sputum |
| A common symptom observed in patients with asthma, bronchitis, or allergies is which of the following | Wheezing |
| If an individual stops breathing while they are sleeping, they are experiencing? | Apnea. |
| A person who has difficulty breathing when lying down is experiencing which condition? | Orthopnea |
| An infection of the lower respiratory tract (bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli) is which condition? | Pneumonia |
| The inflammation of the air passageways caused by irritants is called? | Bronchitis |
| Which term describes a condition that is the result of the enlargement of, and damage to, the alveolar sacs? | Emphysema |
| With which condition may a patient with a "barrel chest" be diagnosed? | Emphysema |
| Which condition causes the muscles around the bronchioles to contract, narrowing the air passages and causing the alveoli to become plugged with unusually thick sputum that is hard to cough up? | Asthma |
| The drug classification of choice to treat asthma by relieving bronchial constriction are? | Bronchodilators. |
| A device used by the patient in the detection and management of asthma attacks is a? | Peak flow meter. |
| Which of the following conditions is characterized by symptoms that include a persistent, productive cough? | Lung Cancer |
| Which condition has seen a rise in prevalence secondary to HIV infection and new strains that are resistant to drug therapy? | Tuberculosis |
| An allergic reaction to pollen in the air during late summer and fall is known as | Seasonal Rhinitis. |
| The greatest at-risk population for nicotine dependence is which of the following? | Adolescents |
| Which works best to prevent tobacco dependence? | Not starting to smoke |
| Cough suppressants are referred to as? | Antitussives. |
| Which term describes a cough that brings up sputum? | Productive cough |
| Drugs that liquefy, or break down, tenacious mucous so it can be coughed up more easily are known as? | Expectorants. |
| The mechanical action of breaking up food into smaller pieces is performed by which structure? | Mouth |
| The rhythmic contractions of the lining of the GI tract to push food along the passageway is defined as which of the following? | Peristalsis |
| Which term describes chemical substances that aid digestion and are secreted by the glands in the mouth, the lining of the stomach, and from the accessory organs? | Enzymes |
| During the digestive process which structure works to absorb nutrients into the bloodstream? | Small Intestine |
| Which structure prepares undigested substances for elimination from the body? | Large Intestine |
| All of the following are functions of saliva except? | Signaling the esophagus to begin peristalsis. |
| Which condition occurs if the stomach is irritated and peristalsis takes place in the opposite direction? | Vomiting |
| Which term is used to describe food mixed with stomach secretions? | Chyme |
| Which structure receives food directly from the stomach, where it is mixed with strong digestive juices from the liver and pancreas? | Duodenum |
| Which term describes small, fingerlike projections of the small intestinal lining that provide a large surface area for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream? | Villi |
| Which substance is secreted from the liver and aids in digesting fats? | Bile |
| Stress can affect digestion because peristalsis and secretion of digestive enzymes are under the control of the _________blank nervous system. | Autonomic |
| A term synonymous for indigestion is? | Dyspepsia. |
| Which term refers to the result of muscle spasms in the walls of the stomach and intestines? | Cramps |
| Which term describes the failure to have regular bowel movements? | Constipation |
| Which drug classification, if overused, may result in lazy bowel syndrome? | Laxatives |
| Which term can be used to describe the passing of loose, watery stools, or passing stools too often? | Diarrhea |
| To which does the term intestinal motility refer? | Speed of peristalsis |
| Because the treatment of abdominal pain with an analgesic may delay discovery of a serious condition, it is important not to give medications until a search has been made for the _________blank of the pain. | Cause |
| Difficulty swallowing is known as? | Dysphagia. |
| Which instrument can be used to visually examine the walls of the stomach, intestine, or rectum? | Endoscope |
| Which condition could cause patients to avoid hard-to-chew fibrous foods that would help keep their bowel movements regular? | Tooth and gum disorders |
| Consuming coffee, alcohol, or tobacco may cause a person to experience? | Gastritis. |
| Excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) may result in which condition? | Peptic ulcer disease |
| The presence of HCl in the stomach is neutralized by which drug classification? | Antacids |
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