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WEEK 21:
Oedema:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| where are precapillary sphincters found | after arteriole |
| where are post capillary sphincters found | before venule |
| structure of capillary beds | arteriole -> precapillary sphincter -> capillary vessels -> post capillary sphincter -> venule |
| capillary structure | have no smooth muscle in their walls and endothelial cells are sites of exchange |
| number of open capillaries is determined by | pre capillary vessels |
| blood flow velocity in capillaries | not uniform and depends on contractile state of arterioles / pre capillary vessels |
| solute/ solvent movement across capillaries | not uniform and depends on permeability which cause vary between tissues, within tissues at different time and along the capillary bed and is determined by diffusion, filtration and pinocytosis (vesicle movement of large lipid insoluble molecules) |
| how do large lipid insoluble proteins pass through endothelial cells | pinocytosis |
| filtration is favoured by | capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc) and interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure |
| reabsorption is favoured by | capillary (plasma) colloid osmotic pressure and interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure |
| determinants of fluid movement depends on | pre/post capillary resistances, venous pressure and arterial pressure |
| what happens if arteriole constricts | increase pressure upstream, decrease pressure downstream |
| precapillary constriction does what | reduces capillary hydrostatic pressure |
| what happens if venule constricts | increase pressure upstream and decrease pressure downstream |
| postcapillary constriction does what | increases capillary hydrostatic pressure |
| interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure depends on | presence of protein in interstitium hence capillary permeability to protein (normally very low) |
| capillary colloid osmotic pressure and major determinants of fluid movement depends on | synthesis/ breakdown of protein (liver, capillary permeability to protein, and abnormal protein loss (kidney damage) |
| interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure depends on | interstitial fluid volume, compliance of organ, and effective drainage |
| describe lymphatic vessels | valved and highly permeable to protein |
| lymph flow rate | 2-4L/day, returns excess filtered fluid and 95% of protein lost from vascular system back to the circulation (subclavian vein( |
| lymphatic obstruction leads to | reduced drainage |
| increased venous pressure leads to | congestion |
| hypervolaemia | excess fluid in blood vessels due to kidney damage etc |
| inflammation leads to | vasodilation and increased permeability |
Created by:
kablooey
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