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New Testament
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Luke-Acts in separate meanings | Luke: what Jesus began Acts: what Jesus continues through the church |
| Eschatology at Peter's sermon at Pentecost | Peter says that the last days had begun |
| Luke had a ____________, Acts was __________ | purpose, writing history |
| Issue in Acts | Can Gentiles be part of God's people without becoming Jews first? |
| Places of Gentile conflict | Acts. 10-11-Peter and Cornelius Acts 15-Jerusalem Council |
| Acts | spread Christianity who belongs to God's people Gentiles are included by faith |
| Paul | Wrote majority of the NT connected Jewish roots and Gentile expansion |
| Paul being from Tarsus | He was highly educated in both Jewish and Greek worlds A bridge to cultures |
| Paul-Journey 1 | Asia Minor Focused on Gentiles Theme: Spread to Gentiles and early opposition |
| Paul-Journey 2 | Europe Meets Timothy Gospel enters Macedonia and Greece Theme: expansion and church organization |
| Paul-Journey 3 | Strengthening churches Ephesus Theme: teaching, correcting, stabilizing churches |
| Opening/greeting of Epistles | author/audience blessing |
| Thanksgiving of Epistles | thanking God for the church encouragement |
| Body of Epistles | main content teaching, correction, instruction |
| Closing of Epistles | final greeting, blessing, personal notes |
| When did Paul visit Thessalonica? | 2nd Journey |
| Thessalonica | Major Roman city in Macedonia |
| church at Thessalonica | Gentile converts formed quickly, under pressure |
| "urban" mission of Paul | Paul only went to urban cities Thinking long term: spread message efficiently |
| Corinth | Where Paul was when he wrote the letters to the Thessalonians |
| Purpose of letters to Thessalonians | how to live while waiting for Jesus to return |
| Galatia | a province in Rome |
| When did Paul visit Galatia? | believed to be 1st Journey |
| Reason for writing to Galatians | crisis in church over Jewish law and Gentiles circumcision |
| North Galatian theory/view | Paul visited Galatia at a later time than 1st journey After Jerusalem Council |
| South Galatian theory/view | Paul visited Galatia during 1st Journey before Jerusalem Council |
| Elements of Galatians | No thanksgiving harsh tone personal defense of authority strong warnings |
| Justification | being made right with God |
| What other book deals with Justification? | Romans |
| Corinth | Capitol of Achaia major trade hub connected N/S Greece |
| When did Paul visit Corinth? | 2nd Journey stayed 18 months |
| Paul's relationship with church at Corinth | close but strained Paul founded this church |
| number of letters that Paul wrote to church at Corinth | at least 4 |
| Structure of 2nd Corinthians | Not as structured more personal and emotional jumps between topics |
| Major problem in 1 Corinthians | Church acting like culture around them |
| Gnosticism | special knowledge |
| Where was Romans written? | in Corinth end of 3rd Journey |
| Church in Rome | not founded by Paul originally Jewish Christians became mostly Gentile Christians |
| Edict of Claudius | expelled Jews from Rome Caused tension between Jews and Gentiles |
| Purpose of Romans | Address Jew-Gentile tension explain Paul's gospel clearly Prepare for future mission |
| Book similar to Romans | Galatians |
| how are Romans and Galatians similar | Both focus on justification by faith |
| How Paul refers to Israel in Romans vs. Galatians | Galatians: focus=inclusion of Gentiles Romans: emphasis on God's promises to Israel still matter |
| Thesis of Romans | Romans 1:16-17 The righteous shall live by faith |
| imputed righteousness | righteousness is credited to you God declares you righteous |
| imparted righteousness | righteousness is given to you you become more righteous over time |
| covenant reconciliation | focuses on the relationship being restored into right relationship with God |
| Propitiation | Jesus' death satisfies God's wrath |
| Expiation | Jesus' death removes sin |
| When did Paul found the church at Philippi? | 2nd Journey |
| City of Philippi | Roman colony citizens had Roman citizenship privilege Roman identity=big deal |
| Where was Philippians written from? | Rome (prison) Possibly Caesarea or Ephesus |
| Prison Epistles | Philippians Colossians Ephesians Philemon |
| Organization of Philippians | less formal, more personal relational and encouraging |
| Tone of Philippians compared to Galatians | warm, joyful, encouraging |
| Theme of Philippians | joy in all circumstances |
| Christ Hymn in Philippians | Philippians 2:5-11 says Jesus humbled himself, became human, obeyed to point of death, God exalted him |
| "kenotic" Christology | self-emptying/humility Have mindset as Christ, be humble, serve others |
| Similarities of Colossians and Ephesians | language, vocab long complex sentences more formal and developed more universal teaching |
| Themes of Colossians and Ephesians | Christ's supremacy The church Unity |
| Reasons for disputed letters | different writing style more developed theology different vocab less personal detail |
| disputed letters | Colossians, Ephesians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus |
| pseudonymity | writing in someone else's name |
| pros and cons of pseudonymity | pros: accepted in society cons: forgery |
| amanuensis | secretary/scribe |
| Did Paul have an amanuensis? | Yes |
| "freedom of the secretary" | could explain why some of Paul's letters sound different |
| How Jesus is described in Colossians | image of invisible God, Creator of all things, Sustainer of universe, head over everything |
| "cosmic" Christology | Christ isn't just Savior of individuals but the Lord over entire universe |
| "false philosophy" in Colossians | spiritual knowledge spiritual hierarchy rules for purity |
| Why do some scholars think Ephesians wasn't written to just Ephesus | some early manuscripts don't include Ephesus no personal greeting could be a circular letter to multiple churches |
| Why is Ephesians considered impersonal | no specific problems addressed no personal shoutouts more general teaching |
| Circumstances of Colossians/Ephesians | not responding to major crisis more reflective, less reactive |
| tone of Colossians/Ephesians | calm, theological, broad |
| Thanksgiving of Ephesians | Church is described as universal body of Christ audience was broader |
| "idyllic" | presents ideal picture of church holy, united, Christ-centered |
| Theme of Ephesians and Colossians | Christ is supreme over everything, church reflects that unity |
| Pastoral Epistles | 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus |
| Why are they called Pastoral Epistles? | written to Pastors/church leaders |
| Focus of Pastoral Epistles | how to lead and organize the church more organized and structured concern for order and stability shows church is becoming more institutionalized |
| Where was 2 Timothy written? | From prison in Rome likely Paul's last letter |
| Titus | companion of Paul in Crete |
| Where was Paul when he wrote Titus | after Paul's journey in Acts suggests time not recorded in Acts May reflect later stage of Paul's life/ministry |
| Focus of Titus and 1 Timothy | church government describe qualifications for leaders |
| church offices mentioned in Titus | Elders |
| church offices mentioned in 1 Timothy | Overseers and deacons |
| When did Paul encounter Timothy | on 2nd Journey |
| Where did Timothy accompany Paul | on 2 and 3 Journey |
| Paul and Timothy relationship | close, like mentor/father |
| False teaching addressed in 1 Timothy | speculations/myths misuse of law self-denial/gnostic-like ideas |
| where was Timothy when Paul wrote 1 Timothy and 2nd | ephesus |
| 2nd Timothy vs other Pastorals | more personal feels like final message Paul knows his life may be ending |
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