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WH 121- Exam #2
List of words and definitions for Exam #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Golden age of Greece; size of AL; a peninsula; mountainous region; hot/dry summers with moderate winters; had 3 dvisions: Peloponnesus, Attica, and Island of Crete | Hellenic Greece |
| A peninsula; Aegean to the East, Ionian to West, Mediterranean to the South; mountainous= 20% land suitable for agriculture | Greece's Topography |
| Worshiped many Gods; men ran the government; women had very limited freedom outside the house; education was to prepare for adult activities; boys @ the age of 7 trained for the military | Greek Civilization |
| A division of Greece; a Great Plain dominated by Sparta | Peloponnesus |
| A division of Greece; main peninsula dominated by Athens | Attica |
| A division of Greece; birthplace of Greek civilization | Crete |
| Bronze-age civilization; traded with Egyptians- named after King Minos; city of Knossos; religion= minotaur; this group witnessed earthquakes and invasions | Minoans |
| The official script for palaces/cults and Cretan hieroglyphs used mainly on seals; a complete syllabary | Linear A Script |
| Where King Minos's palace is located | Knossos |
| A mythical monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man | Minotaur |
| The first real Greeks; wealth through trade; involved in the Trojan War; Dorian invasion | Myceneans |
| Based in Homer's "Illiad"; started as a trade rivalry between Greeks and the Trojans | Trojan War |
| This person wrote the "Illiad" and continued the story with the "Odyssey" which was set during the Trojan War | Homer |
| These people invaded the Mycenaeans; conquered and wipped the civilization out | Dorians |
| A period of no major art and writing between 500-332 BC | Greek Dark Ages |
| A rectangular mass military formation usually composed entirely of heavy infantry armed with spears, pikes, and sanssas | Phalanx |
| Dyed woolen goods, olive oil, wine, fine pottery | Greek Agriculture |
| Explosive population within southern Italy and the Ionian Coast | Greek Colonization |
| Development of the formation of infantry men | Greek Phalanx |
| All adult Greek males @ 17 becomes a citizen with rights; women and children are citizens without rights; non-citizens included aliens and slaves with no rights | Greek Social Levels |
| City-state; developed in relative isolation | Polis/Poleis |
| An annual event where athletes competed against each other | Festival of Olympia |
| 1) centrally located on a hill; religion, defense, government 2)More than a marketplace; business affairs happened | 1) Acropolis 2) Agora |
| Had very little freedom outside the home; could attend weddings/funerals and some religious festivals; were in charge of the home; mainly ran the house and beared children | Women in Greece |
| Polytheistic; human like Gods; adopted by the Romans | Greek Religion |
| Was a common citizen; method of teaching used in today's education; was accused of corrupting the youth. | Socrates |
| A certain kind of method of teaching developed by Socrates | Socratic Method |
| An aristocratic Athenian; student of Socrates; founded the academy; wrote The Republic | Plato |
| Plato wrote this | The Republic |
| Greatest of the Greek philosophers; student of Plato; founded the Lyceum school; tutor of Alexander the Great | Aristotle |
| Birthplace of Democracy; controlled the Attica Peninsula; had an orignial law code | Athens |
| Made an original law code in 621 BC; it was extremely harsh | Draco |
| A procedure in which any citizen could be expelled from the city-state of Athens | Ostracism |
| Cancelled all land debts; no loans using humans; debt slaves freed | Solon |
| "Father of Democracy"; divided into 10 Tribes; council of 500 | Cleisthenes |
| Townships of ancient Attica | Demes |
| One of the reforms of Cleisthenes; 50 people from each tribe | Council of 500 |
| Entire society supported military; all adult males in army; state owned slaves who worked the lands; had 2 kings to balance the kingdom | Spartan Society |
| State owned slaves who worked the land | Helots |
| Council of 5; oversaw the youth education | Ephors |
| Council of the Wise; a judicial body | Gerouisa |
| Between 493-479 BC; included the Ionian Rebellion; Darius 1 and Xerxes with the creation of the Delian League | Persian War |
| 1) ruler of Persia; battle of Marathon; was defeated by Athenians 2) attacked with 50,000 men and 1,000 ships | 1) Darius 1 2) Xerxes |
| Darius 1 and Persia was defeated at this battle | Battle of Marathon |
| Creation of this during the Persian War; treasury on the Island of Delis | Delian League |
| Athens vs. Sparta; 431-404 BC; rivalry between leagues | Peloponnesian War |
| Leader during the Peloponnesian War who died during the fighting; major loss to the Athenians | Pericles |
| The first real historian | Thucydides |
| Philip 2 of Macedonia; conquest of Grecce | Hellenistic Greece |
| Admired the Greek culture; had a professional standing army; conquest of Greece; Persia; was murdered | Philip 2 of Macedonia |
| Alliance of city-states; local autonomy allowed | Corinthian League |
| Conquest of Persia and Egypt; drive to India; Alexandria; died of old wounds and fever | Alexander the Great |
| Battle for the conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great | Battle of Gaugamela |
| Alexander the Great found this city; greatest depository was the library | Alexandria |
| During the collapse of the empire after Alexander the Great, this empire had the largest peice of area | Seleucid Empire |
| Alliance of city-states; local autonomy allowed | Corinthian League |
| Conquest of Persia and Egypt; drive to India; Alexandria; died of old wounds and fever | Alexander the Great |
| Battle for the conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great | Battle of Gaugamela |
| Alexander the Great found this city; greatest depository was the library | Alexandria |
| During the collapse of the empire after Alexander the Great, this empire had the largest peice of area | Seleucid Empire |
| This empire got Egypt during the post- Alexander world collapsed | Ptolemaic Empire |
| A Greek mathematian, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer | Archimedes |
| Ancient Greek physician of Classical Athens | Hippocrates |
| The author of "Oedipus" and "Antigone" | Sophocles |
| Characterized by a Republican form of government; after the overthrow of the Roman monarchy; governed by a complex constitution | Roman Republic |
| Road system of Western Europe; western calendar, alphabet, art, and architecture | Roman Legacy |
| The 2 mountain ranges located in Italy | Alps and Apennines |
| Skilled metal workers/traders; system of city-states; toga and facses | Etruscans |
| Twin brothers in a tale who fought over the throne | Romulus and Remus |
| The 7th king of Rome; described as a tryant/dictator when he ruled the kingdom | Tarquin the Proud |
| Complex series of battles and shifting political alliances among the Greeks; started as a minor conflict between Rome and the city of Tarentum over a naval treaty violation | Pyrrhic Wars |
| Right to command or lead the army | Imperium |
| 2 social classes: 1) represented 10%; thought to be descendants of Ethropians 2) the other 90%; had no politcal rights | 1) Patricians 2) Plebians |
| Military and republic empire/roman empire | Roman Confederation |
| Roman government where people are elected on an annual basis; checked and balanced each other | Consuls |
| An office that guards the Plebian class; prevent upper class from exploiting | Tribune |
| Served as an advisory body | Roman Senate |
| Creation of this was the 1st formal codification of Roman law to be recorded | 12 Tables |
| Plebian assembly served as only advisors | Plebian Consul |
| Chief landmark; 287 BC; granted the assembly force of law | Hortensian Law |
| Head of the household; very powerful; right to execute misbehaving children | Paterfamilias |
| No formal system; learned the trade of the father; hired Greek teachers to teach the liberal arts | Roman Education |
| Adopted the Greek Gods; changed all the names to make it more Roman like; all except Apollo | Roman Religion |
| Series of 3 wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264-146 BC; main cause was the conflict of interests between the Carthaginian Empire and the exapanding Roman Republic | Punic Wars |
| A series of cities on the Gulf of Tonis; major power on the Mediterranean; naval base | Carthage |
| A Carthaginian military commander and tactician who is credited as one of the most talented commanders in history | Hannibal |
| A general in the 2nd Punic War and statesman of the Roman Republic; defeated Hannibal | Scipio Africanus |
| Marked the final and decisive end of the 2nd Punic War | Battle of Zama |
| A Roman states man; was from an ancient Plebian family; bred to agriculture; and successively held offices of Cursus Honorum | Cato the Elder |
| People were stripped of many rights, including the abililty to marry; slaves were the property of their owners | Slavery in Rome |
| Pieces of property covering tremendious areas; great land estates | Latifundia |
| Was the most notable leader of the slaves in the 3rd Sevile War; a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic | Spartacus |
| Led to the fall of the Roman Republic; brought huge political, economic and social changes | Gracchi Revolution |
| The name of the women born in all the branches of the Cornelii family | Cornelia |
| Roman gneral and statesman; dictatorship | Sulla/Maoris |
| The political alliance of Julius Caesar, Marcus Crassus and Gnaeus Magnus; no official status | First Triumvirate |
| Was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic | Pompey |
| A Roman general and statesman; critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire | Julius Caesar |
| The official political alliance of Augustus, Marcus Lepidus, and Mark Antony; enactment of the Lex Titia; legally established institution | Second Triumvirate |
| The first emperor of the Roman Empire; militart dictatorship; his reign initated an era of relative peace afterwards | Octavian |
| A Roman politician and general; supporter and friend of Julius Caesar; in the 2nd Triumvirate | Marc Antony |
| The last person to rule Egyptas a Pharaoh; aligned with Marc Antony in opposition to Caesar's legal heir (Augustus) | Cleopatra |
| Ancient name of a promontory of Western Greece in North Western Acarnarvia; built by Augustus on the North side of the strait | Actium |
| The official title of a Roman Emperor as the title determining the leader in ancient Rome at the beginning of the Roman Empire | Princep |
| "Roman Peace" was the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced | Pax Romana |
| Attempted to reform the constitution; modified his imperium and his tribunian powers | Reforms of Octavian |
| Rulers of the Roman state during the imperial period | Roman Emperors |
| Was an Roman Emperor from 54-68; last emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty | Nero |
| Partly buried Roman town-city near Naples; was destroyed and completely buried during a long catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius | Pompeii |
| Certain elements of eastern religions combined with elements of Greek and Roman religions | The Mystery Cults |
| A mystery religion centered on the God Mithras; became popular among the military in the Roman Empire; depictions of being born from a rock and as sacrificing a bull | Mithraism |
| A monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth | Christianity |
| Considered among the most notable of early Christian leaders | Paul |
| A classical Roman poet; best known for "Eclogues", "Georgics" and Aenid" | Virgil |
| Virgil wrote this poem | The Aenid |
| A Roman poet who is best known as the author of the 3 major collections: "Heroides", "Amares", and "Ars Amatoria" | Ovid |
| Major forms of this are: architecture, sculpture, and mosaic work | Roman art |
| A Roman Emperor from 284-305; reforms fundamentally changed the structure of Roman imperial government | Diocletian |
| Describes any system of government where power is divided among 4 individuals | Tetrarchy |
| Roman Emperor from 306-337; being the first Christian Roman emperor; made the Edict of Milan; founded Constantinople | Constantine |
| Constantine found this city | Constantinople |
| Proclaimed religious tolerance of Christians throughout the empire | Edict of Milan |
| A council of Christian bishops convened in Nicaea in Bithynia | Council of Nicaea |
| The societal collapse encompassing both the gradual disintegration of the political, economic, and military of Rome including barbarian invasions | Fall of the Romans |
| A geographically extensive group of states and peoples united/ruled either by a monarch or an oligarchy | Empire |
| An East Germanic tribe that sacked Rome in 455 | Vandals |
| A heterogeneous East Germantic tribe; established 2 distinct goupes | Goths |
| A group of nomadic people who migrated into Europe; formed a unified empire under Attila the Hun | Huns |
| Ruler of the Huns from 434-453; 1 of the most fearsome enemies of Western/Eastern Roman Empire | Attila |
| A West Germanic tribal confederation | Franks |
| An English historian who wrote "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" in 6 volumes | Edward Gibbon |
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