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CH. 25.2-25.2
American History 2H://:Ochse
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 13th Amendment? | Abolished Slavery. |
| 14th Amendment? | Gave African Americans equal rights and protection under the law, along with citizenship. |
| 15th Amendment | Gave African Americans the right to vote. |
| Booker T. Washington | Believed in a more patient approach towards fighting segregation. Believed blacks should wait for equality. Civil rights for blacks will come when they are ready. |
| W.E.B Dubois | Was for demanding equality and getting it now. They should work for equality, and social justice in the moment. Is the founder of NAACP. |
| NAACP | Was for Grass-root activism. |
| Mary Church Terrell | Desegregated DC. |
| CORE | Involved James Farmer, specialized in non-violent protests. 1942. |
| Presidents Committee of Civil Rights | 1946. Truman’s plan was sent to Congress but Republicans and southern Democrats blocked it. |
| Thurgood Marshall | Was a lawyer for NAACP. Won Plessy V. Ferguson and Brown V. Board of Education. Won many other cases that broke down segregation. |
| Southern Manifesto | Signed document by members of Congress claiming to have the right to ignore Brown V. Board of education case decision. |
| Brown II | Orders that desegregation occur "with all deliberate speed." This overall gets ignored. |
| Governor Orval Faubus | Supports segregation. Tells National guard to turn away “Little Rock Nine." Governor of Arkansas. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1957 | 1st civil rights law since Reconstruction. Passed through Congress thanks to Senator Lyndon Johnson. Established federal jurisdiction over African American voting rights. |
| Senator Lyndon Johnson | Got Civil Rights Act of 1957 passed. |
| Emmett Till | A 14-year-old Black boy visiting Mississippi. Got brutally beaten and murdered after false allegations of harassing a girl. |
| Claudette Colvin | The FIRST woman to give up her seat on the bus at 15 years old! It happened 9 months before Rosa Parks. Wasn't recognized more though because she got pregnant. |
| Jo Ann Robinson & E. D. Nixon | Organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott. |
| Rosa Parks | "Mother” of the civil rights movement. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr | Chosen by Jo Ann Robinson & E. D. Nixon to be the leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. |
| Soul Force | Nonviolent resistance, peace, dignity, equality. |
| Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). | Grass-Root program. Created by MLK, Jr. in 1957 to fight for civil rights through nonviolent means. Most members are from African American churches. |
| Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) | "Snick." 1960s group created to organize sit-ins and other protests for young blacks. Made up of students from colleges and universities. |
| Ella Baker | Founder of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). |
| Fannie Lou Hamer | Leader of SNCC. Established Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. “I’m sick and tired of being sick and tired." |
| The Green Book | A guide for safe places that African Americans could go to while traveling during the segregation period. |
| James Meredith | 1962 They won a federal court case allowing him to register at the University of Mississippi. |
| Governor Ross Barnett | Governor of Mississippi. Refused to allow Meredith to enroll into Mississippi University. |
| Birmingham Campaign | 1963 Organized protests against segregation. Included marches, sit-ins, and boycotts. Many protesters were arrested including Martin Luther King. |
| Bull Connor | Public Safety Commissioner. Used police dogs and fire hoses on children in the Children's crusade. |
| Children’s Crusade | Hundreds of African American students marched to protest segregation. Many were arrested for demonstrating peacefully. |
| George Wallace | Governor of Alabama. Famous for supporting segregation of University of Alabama. “Segregation now, segregation forever." |
| March on Washington | Planned by A. Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin to help persuade Congress to pass JFK’s civil rights bill. Where Martin Luther King gave his "Dream" speech. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender. Ended segregation in public accommodations and schools, and banned employment discrimination. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). |
| Freedom Summer 1964 | Members of CORE and SNCC began registering as many African American voters as they could in the South (MS). Made mostly of younger people and college students. |
| Jimmie Lee Jackson | Protestor killed by a state trooper while peacefully protesting in Selma, Alabama. |
| “Bloody Sunday” | March 7, 1965; chaos, beatings, tear gas attacks all shown on TV. |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Eliminated literacy tests for voting. Federal workers could enroll those who were denied by local officials if deemed necessary. percentage of African Americans registered to vote in the South tripled between 1964-1968. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1968 | Expanded on previous acts and prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, and financing of housing based on race, ethnicity and color. Passed in response to many blacks being forced to live in poor quality homes. |