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Endocrine System
Root words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aden/o | gland |
| adenoma | tumor of the gland |
| adenopahty | disease of the gland |
| adren/o, adrenal/o | adrenal gland |
| adrenache | onset of adrenal secretion (at puberty) |
| adrenalitis | inflammation of the adrenal gland |
| cortic/o | outer surface (cortex) |
| corticotropic | cortex stimulating |
| adrenocorticohyperplasia | overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland |
| gonad/o | gonads (ovaries in females, testes in males) |
| gonadopathy | disease of the gonads |
| gonadogenesis | creation/development of gonads |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| pancreatolith | stone in the pancreas |
| pituitar/o, hypophsy/o | pituitary gland |
| hyperpituitarism | overactive pituitary gland function |
| hypophysis | inflammation of the pituitary gland |
| thym/o | thymus gland (located in the mediastinum) |
| thymona | tumor of the thymus gland |
| thymectomy | removal of the thymus gland |
| thyr/o, thyroid/o | thyroid |
| thyrotoxin | substance that is poisonous to the thyroid gland |
| thyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid gland |
| gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o | sugar |
| glucorticoid | steroid with a glucose attached |
| glucosuria | sugar in the urine |
| hypoglycemia | condition of low sugar in the blood |
| crin/o | secrete |
| endocrine | secrete within (the blood) |
| exocrine | secrete outside (the blood) |
| euglycemia | normal blood sugar |
| hyperglycemia | value higher than normal blood sugar |
| hypoglycemia | value lower than normal blood sugar |
| glucosuria | Presence of sugar in the urine. May be caused by having hyperglycemia. |
| ketonuria | condition of ketones in the urine. Body using fat as primary source. Can indicate starvation. |
| hormon/o | hormone |
| hormonopoesis | stimulation of hormone production |
| ket/o | ketone body |
| ketosis | condition of producing ketones |
| ketogenic | originating from ketones |
| -tropin | stimulating hormone |
| thyrotropin | stimulates the thyroid gland |
| gonadotropin | stimulates the gonads (ovaries or testes) |
| -emia | blood |
| glycemia | presence of sugar in the blood |
| calcemia | presence of calcium in the blood |
| -uria | urine |
| polyuria | excessive urine production |
| adenalgia | pain in gland |
| adrenal virilism | development of male secondary sex characteristics (deep voice, facial hair) |
| andrenarche | onset of adrenal secretion (at puberty) |
| hirsutism | excessive growth of fail and body hair in women |
| amenorrhea | lack of menstruation |
| gynecomastia | breast development in males |
| hypergonadism | oversecretion of the sex glands |
| hypogonadism | undersecretion of the sex gland |
| menarche | beginning of menstruation (first menstruation) |
| thelarche | onset of breast development |
| hypoglycemic | pertaining to low blood sugar |
| pancreatalgia | pain in the pancreas |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst (sign of high blood sugar as related to diabetes) |
| polyphagia | excessive eating (sign of high blood sugar as related to diabetes) |
| polyuria | excessive urine production (sign of high blood sugar as related to diabetes) |
| acromegaly | abnormal enlargement of extremities (occurs after puberty) |
| galactorrhea | discharge of milk |
| pituitary dwarfism | abnormally short height due to undersecretion of growth hormone |
| pituitary gigantism | abnormally tall height due to oversecretion of growth hormone |
| exophthalmos | protrusion of the eyes out of the socket |
| thyrocele, goiter | swollen thyroid gland |
| thyromegaly | enlargement of the thyroid |
| thyroptosis | dropping of the thyroid gland |
| euglycemia | normal blood sugar |
| hyperglycemia | high blood sugar |
| hypoglycemia | low blood sugar |
| chloremia | elevated blood levels of chloride |
| hyperclacemia | elevated blood levels of calcium |
| hyperkalemia | elevated blood levels of potassium (K) |
| hypernatremia | elevated blood levels of sodium (Na) |
| hyperphosphatemia | elevated blood levels of phosphate |
| acidemia | abnormal acidity of blood |
| alkalemia | abnormal alkalinity of blood |
| hypercholesterolemia | elevated cholesterol in the blood |
| hyperlipidemia | elevated fat in the blood |
| uremia | urinary waste in the blood |
| claciuria | calcium in the urine |
| glucosuria | sugar in the urine |
| ketonuria | ketones in the urine |
| polyuria | excessive urine production |
| adrenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of adrenal gland |
| euthyroid | normal thyroid function |
| gluconeogenesis | formation of glucose from a noncarbohydratesglycolysis |
| glycolysis | breakdown of sugar |
| glycopenia | deficiency of sugar |
| gonadogenesis | creation/development of gondas |
| andenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of a gland |
| metabolism | breakdown of matter into energy |
| endocrine | to secrete internally (into blood) |
| exocrine | to secrete externally |
| glycemic index | ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar level in the blood |
| ketogenesis | formation of ketone bodies |
| chalongiopancreatography | procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas |
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | procedure to examine the bile ducts and pancreas using an endoscope |
| thyroid function tests | teste performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid gland |
| adenitis | inflammation of a gland |
| adenocarcinoma | cancerous tumor of a gland |
| adenoma | tumor of a gland |
| adenopathy | disease of a gland |
| polyadenopathy | disease of many glands |
| adenosis | condition of a gland |
| dysmetabolic syndrome | faulty metabolism |
| ketosis | condition of producing ketone bodies |
| thymoma | tumor of the thymus |
| adrenalitis | inflammation of the adrenal glands |
| adrenal adenoma | tumor of the adrenal gland |
| adrenocortical carcinoma | cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland |
| adrenal insufficiency | adrenal glands does not produce enough of its hormone |
| adrenocortical insufficiency | the adrenal cortex underproduces its hormones |
| adrenocorticohyperplasia | overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland |
| congenital adrenal hyperplasia | adrenal gland is overdeveloped. related to genetic conditon. may cause oversecretion or undersecretion |
| pancreas pseudocyst | abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| pancreatolith | stone in the pancreas |
| pancreatolithiasis | condition which causes formation of stones in the pancreas |
| insulinoma | tumor that secretes insuline |
| diabetes mellitus | metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia |
| diabetes ketoacidosis | acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar. must burn fat for energy. |
| hyperpituitarism | overfunctioning pituitary gland |
| hypophysitis | inflammation of the pituitary gland |
| hypopituitarism | condition caused by the undersecretion of the pituitary gland |
| panhypopituitarism | detective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland |
| pituitary infarction | death of the pituitary gland |
| pituitary adenoma | tumor of the pituitary gland |
| hyperthyroidism | overproduction by the thyroid |
| hypothyroidism | underproduction by the thyroid |
| thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid |
| thyrotoxicosis | condition caused by excessive levels of thyroid hormone |
| hyperparathyroidism | overproduction by the parathyroid glands |
| hypoparathyroidism | underproduction by the parathyroid glands |
| parathyroidoma | tumor of the parathyroid gland |
| adenectomy | removal of a gland |
| thymectomy | removal of the thymus |
| adrenalectomy | removal of the adrenal gland |
| laparoscopic adrenalectomy | removal of the adrenal gland via laparascopic surgery |
| pancreatectomy | removal of the pancreas |
| hypophysectomy | removal of the pituitary gland |
| parathyroidectomy | removal of the parathyroid gland |
| thyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid |
| thyroparathyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands |
| ketogenic diet | aids in the production of ketones |
| continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion | continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump inserted under the skin |
| thyroidotomy | incision into the thyroid gland |
| thyroidotoxin | substance poisonous to the thyroid gland |
| pancreatolithectomy | removal of a stone formed in the pancreas |
| ACTH | andrenocorticotropic hormone |
| GH | growth hormone |
| THS | thyroid-stimulating hormone (aka, tyrotrppin) |
| T3 | triiodothyronine |
| T4 | thyroxine |
| BS | blood sugar |
| CGM | continuous glucose monitor |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar |
| GTT | glucose tolerance test |
| HgA1C | hemoglobin A1C test (gives history of blood sugar levels) |
| TFT | thyroid function test |
| DI | diabetes insipidus |
| DM | diabetes mellitus |
| GDM | gestational diabetes mellitus |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
Created by:
cmoranramirez
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