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S&E Asia Religions
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| A group of individuals who share a common cultural background or descent (could be based on common language, ancestry, or history) | Ethnic Group |
| A group of people who follow a common set of ethics and have shared spiritual beliefs. | Religious Group |
| The oldest continuously practiced religion in South Asia. This religion originated in India and is primarily practiced there. | Hinduism |
| In Hinduism, this is the single universal, supreme spirit that everything is part of. Many Hindus believe all living things are part of this universal spirit. | Brahman |
| A social class system in Indian society that divides people into groups based on birth or occupation. Your caste is inherited and does not change throughout your life. | Caste system |
| The belief that when a person dies, their soul is reborn in a new body. Hinduism and Buddhism are both focused on breaking free from the cycle of reincarnation (samsara). | Reincarnation |
| Freedom from the cycle of rebirth and becoming one with the Brahman, which Hindus believe is the ultimate goal of life. | Moksha |
| The cycle of life, death, and rebirth that Hindus and Buddhists believe in (reincarnation). | Samsara |
| The belief that one’s actions, intentions, and thoughts, whether good or bad, determine one's future experiences and destiny, either in this life or the next. | Karma |
| A code of conduct or a set of rules for living a good life, which Hindus believe is important for gaining good karma. | Dharma |
| Philosophy, founded in China, emphasizes treating people with kindness, behaving well-mannered, practicing ethics and moral conduct, pursuing knowledge, and acting with integrity, which will result in harmony in society. | Confucianism |
| Hindu sacred texts | Vedas |
| Religion founded in India by Siddhartha Gautama, a Hindu Prince; core beliefs are the Four Noble Truths; the Eightfold Path is followed to achieve Moksha/Nirvana. | Buddhism |
| Having a special understanding or knowledge about spiritual matters. | Enlightened |
| A state of perfect peace and happiness where you are free from suffering and rebirth (reincarnation/samsara). The goal of Buddhism is to reach Nirvana. | Nirvana |
| 1. Life is suffering. 2. Suffering is due to Attachment. 3. Attachment can be overcome. 4. There is a path for accomplishing this (Eightfold Path). | Four Noble Truths of Buddhism |
| Buddhists believe they should follow these eight steps to break free from the cycle of reincarnation. | Eightfold Path |
| The Golden Rule of behavior and the focus on everyone acting properly within their five basic relationships are important to this belief system. | Confucianism |
| The belief that everything in nature—animals, plants, rocks, rivers, and even the weather—has a spirit, soul, or conscious life. | Animism |
| The belief in or worship of multiple gods or goddesses. For example, Hinduism incorporates a vast pantheon (group) of gods and goddesses, allowing followers to choose a preferred deity (god) for worship. | Polytheism |
| This polytheistic religion founded in Japan centers around the worship of kami, which are sacred spirits or deities that inhabit all aspects (both good and bad) of the natural world. | Shintoism |
| Confucius founded this philosophy | Confucianism |
| From the Greek language. It means “love of wisdom.” It is the study of some of the most basic questions about human life. For example, what can people really know about life? Or, are human beings basically good or evil? | Philosophy |
| According to Shintoism, these are the spirits in the world that live in beautiful places in nature and animals. They also believe that their ancestors live on as these spirits. | Kami |