— Raised roads or pathways built across water or low ground to connect pieces of land; in the Aztec capital these connected the island city to the mainland.

— The Aztec emperor who ruled Tenochtitlan when Spanish explorers arrived; he made important political and religious decisions for the empire.

— A person who translates spoken language between people so they can understand each other; interpreters helped Aztecs and Spanish communicate.

— Spanish explorers and soldiers in the 1500s who conquered lands in the Americas, often seeking riches and territory.

— A structure built to carry water from one place to another; the Aztecs used aqueducts to bring fresh water into Tenochtitlan.

Smallpox Chinampas — Floating gardens or small, man-made islands used by Aztec farmers to grow crops on shallow lake beds; very productive and important for feeding the city.

— A contagious and often deadly disease caused by a virus; it spread to Native American peoples after Europeans arrived and caused many deaths.

— A powerful Mesoamerican civilization centered in central Mexico before and during early European contact; they had advanced cities, farms, and religious systems.

— The large island city that was the capital of the Aztec Empire, located where Mexico City now stands; it had canals, causeways, and temples

— Goods, money, or labor that people had to give to rulers or conquerors as a sign of loyalty or to avoid punishment; many regions paid tribute to the Aztec emperor.

— The Spanish leader of the expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire; he led conquistadors to Tenochtitlan in the early 1500s.

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Aztecs

Term	Definition
Causeways	— Raised roads or pathways built across water or low ground to connect pieces of land; in the Aztec capital these connected the island city to the mainland.
Moctezuma II	— The Aztec emperor who ruled Tenochtitlan when Spanish explorers arrived; he made important political and religious decisions for the empire.
Interpreter	— A person who translates spoken language between people so they can understand each other; interpreters helped Aztecs and Spanish communicate.
Conquistadors	— Spanish explorers and soldiers in the 1500s who conquered lands in the Americas, often seeking riches and territory.
Aqueduct	— A structure built to carry water from one place to another; the Aztecs used aqueducts to bring fresh water into Tenochtitlan.
Smallpox Chinampas — Floating gardens or small, man-made islands used by Aztec farmers to grow crops on shallow lake beds; very productive and important for feeding the city.	— A contagious and often deadly disease caused by a virus; it spread to Native American peoples after Europeans arrived and caused many deaths.
Aztec	— A powerful Mesoamerican civilization centered in central Mexico before and during early European contact; they had advanced cities, farms, and religious systems.
Tenochtitlan .	— The large island city that was the capital of the Aztec Empire, located where Mexico City now stands; it had canals, causeways, and temples
Tribute	— Goods, money, or labor that people had to give to rulers or conquerors as a sign of loyalty or to avoid punishment; many regions paid tribute to the Aztec emperor.
Hernán Cortés	— The Spanish leader of the expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire; he led conquistadors to Tenochtitlan in the early 1500s.

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