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New Testament
Unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does it mean to say that genre is a "social convention?" What do readers' expectations have to do with it? | customary way of communicating for users of the genre; plays an important part of context |
| theological biographies | |
| theological biography, theological history, epistles, apocalyptic | genres of the NT |
| Matthew, Mark, Luke | synoptic gospels |
| Why do we call them synoptic gospels? | we see them together, they're all similar |
| shortest gospel in NT | Mark |
| longest gospel in NT | Luke |
| most material in common with Mark | Matthew |
| provides basic outline of Jesus' ministry | Mark |
| What does Luke 1:1-4 say about why an explanation of synoptic relationships may be helpful? | providing certainty and a trustworthy, orderly account of Jesus' life based on eyewitness testimony |
| most widely recognized explanation for synoptic relationships | 2 source theory |
| 2 sources in 2 source theory | Mark and Q |
| What gospel was written first according to 2 source theory | Mark |
| other source part of the 2 source theory; | Q |
| What does Q consist of? | consists of entirely sayings |
| What recently-discovered ancient document is similar to Q? | Gospel of Thomas |
| When is the first time a disciple calls Jesus "Messiah" in Mark? | Mark 8:29 |
| How is Mark 8:29 significant for Mark's portrayal of Jesus? | Shifts view from "Who is He?" to "Why did He come?" |
| When is the first time someone in Mark recognizes the true meaning of Jesus as "Son of God" | When Jesus is being crucified one of the Roman centurions recognized him as the Son of God |
| How is the Roman centurion recognizing Jesus as the Son of God significant for Mark's portrayal of Jesus? | marks first human confession of Jesus' divinity |
| puzzling contradictory nature of Jesus' identity and nature | Markan paradox |
| Jesus doesn't want his messiahship known | Messianic secret in Mark |
| How do we account for the Messianic secret in Mark? | frames Jesus as misunderstood |
| What does the messianic secret have to do with Mark's paradox? | how to proclaim the crucified "criminal" as Messiah |
| What role does the Messianic secret play in the other three gospels? | There's not as much of a secret but the other gospels focus more on Jesus' ministry and Him revealing that He's the Messiah |
| In what sense does Mark portray misunderstandings and failures in his gospel? Who misunderstands? | "blindness" the disciples, his family, etc; result of the paradox of crucified Messiah |
| How might a possible audience for Mark help explain this? | the audience could be Gentiles and they don't understand the context; or those under persecution |
| In what sense are the gospels "anonymous?" | the authors don't explicitly identify themselves in the text |
| What is unusual about the ending of Mark? | Ends abruptly and almost apocalyptic |
| If Mark originally ended at 16:8, how might this fit with Mark's overall picture of Jesus? | Emphasis on the Messianic secret and is abrupt |
| What is the role of the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew? How is it important for understanding Matthew's portrayal of Jesus? | First of long discourses of Jesus; Jesus relates himself to the Law of Moses |
| How does Jesus refer to the law of Moses in the sermon? | says it's divine; didn't come to abolish it but to fulfill it |
| What did Papias say about Matthew that is an early indication of someone recognizing Matthew's Jewish character? | wrote down sayings of Jesus in Hebrew |
| What are some distinctively Jewish features of Matthew? | genealogy and birth narrative Moses parallels for Jesus Law is the Sermon on the Mount |
| Why does the phrase "kingdom of heaven" occur only in Matthew? | it was a roundabout way of saying that he was the Messiah |
| Why do most scholars today believe Matthew was written in Antioch? | church at Antioch would've been mostly jewish Christians bc of the growth in Gentile membership |
| What was the situation of Jewish Christians in Antioch that Matthew may have been written to address? | follows the destruction of the temple |
| How might they have been in the midst of an "identity crisis" and how could Matthew be addressing it? | They were expelled from the synagogue and were trying to figure out what to do |
| What two things happened first in Antioch according to Acts 11:19-26? | talks to the Gentiles for the first time |
| How could this help us understand the situation of the audience of the Gospel of Matthew? | Jewish Christians in Syria navigating a Gentile world |
| event, fulfillment, quotation | formula citations |
| key theme of Matthew | fulfillment |
| purpose of formula citations | proves Jesus' messiahship; instructs Jewish Christians on relation of their faith in Jesus; they think Jesus is trying to prove himself |
| What structural feature is used to mark off the 5 sections of Jesus' ministry in Matthew? | "When Jesus had finished..." |
| Is there something significant about Matthew being in 5 sections? | Mirrors the Pentateuch |
| What is distinctive about Jesus' ethical teaching in Matthew? | Affirms the law of Moses but gives a new law, "intensification" |
| What does it mean to call it a "new Torah?" | teaching or law of Moses |
| Why is Jesus' "Nazareth synagogue sermon" especially important for understanding Luke's portrayal of Jesus? | defines Jesus' mission and is his inaugural sermon |
| How does the sermon define Jesus as "messiah?" | says that He is "anointed by the Spirit" |
| How is the "good news" described in the sermon? | described through a content-recipient relationship; ex) good news-poor, liberty/freedom-captives, sight-blind, liberty-the oppressed |
| Where is "Jubilee" referred to in the sermon, and how might it be significant for Luke's portrayal? | "Year of the Lord's favor" this is the central theme of Luke; a new age for society and how people view their relationship with the Lord |
| What is the relationship of Luke's gospel to the book of Acts? | Form a unified , 2-volume history |
| How is salvation described in Luke? examples? | deliverance of all kinds; forgiveness (7:48-50), healing (8:43-48), freedom from oppression (4:18, Matt. 19:9), reversal |
| What is reversal in Luke? examples? | complete change in how things are viewed; ex) poor are seen as rich |
| In what way is reversal said to be both a reversal of fortunes, and a reorientation of values? | what was thought as good became bad and so that changed their values |
| what is the theme of "universalism" in Luke? what categories of people are included? | includes things previously excluded; the Gentiles |
| Describe the distinctiveness of John's gospel compared to the synoptic gospels in terms of the content of Jesus' teaching. | Jesus focuses on himself and the kingdom is a supporting role, there is no Messianic secret, Jesus was sent from the Father, and Jesus is dependent on the Father |
| How does Jesus talk about himself in John, compared to talking about the Kingdom of God? | Jesus uses "I am" statements rather than discussing the "Kingdom of God" |
| What is distinctive about how people accuse Jesus of blasphemy in John? How does this compare to the synoptics? | the accusations are based on Jesus' divinity; in the synoptics, Jesus is accused more on legalistic issues |
| How is Jesus' teaching style in John compare to the synoptics? | few parables, misunderstood figures of speech, and long speeches |
| How is John distinctive overall? | John is upfront where the synoptics are more "between the lines" |
| In what way does John give a "theology of revelation?" | uses visual, symbolic, and apocalyptic language; places Jesus as the center of worship and talks about how the old will pass away and the new will come |
| Why might John have placed the temple incident early in his gospel? | serves as a theological prologue |
| 4 sections of John's gospel outlined | Prologue Book of Signs Book of Glory Epilogue |
| Where do the middle 2 sections of John's gospel get their names? | based on primary thematic content |
| How does the use of "signs" in John compare to the synoptics? | Jesus' "signs" reveal who Jesus is vs in the synoptics there's a negative attitude toward's Jesus' miracles. the synoptics "miracles" reveal Jesus' authority and kingdom arrival |
| What does it mean to say that John has a "realized" or "inaugurated" eschatology? | means that the end has already started or began; taking an eschatology theme/event/idea and applying it to Jesus in the now |
| what does Jesus himself have to do with the eschaton in John? | Jesus is the beginning of the end |
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