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MED159
MED159 - CH6 SMARTBOOK INFECTION CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is a set of OSHA standards that states how infected or possibly infected waste materials must be handled? | Bloodborne Pathogens Standard |
| What vector carry the microorganisms responsible for Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever? | Ticks |
| A set of regulations designed to save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of workers in the United States is/are considered | OSHA standards. |
| Spreading HIV to another person through sexual contact is an example of means of | Transmission. |
| What type of transmission occurs when you have a common cold and sneeze on someone? | Airborne |
| Droplets from coughs and sneezes can carry how many feet from the source? | Up to 3 feet |
| Anyone working in a healthcare facility who could be reasonably expected to come in contact with an infectious agent must be trained. What two items must this training include? | -Proper PPE selection -Job-specific infection prevention |
| What are some responsibilities an employer must provide to ensure a safe working environment? | -Provide accessible safety training. -Confirm work environments are to OSHA standards. |
| The spread of pathogens by consuming contaminated food or beverages is called a(n) | Foodborne transmission |
| Measures taken to reduce the number of microorganisms but not necessarily eliminate them are known as ______ | Medical asepsis |
| Which of the following are examples of specific measures used to break the cycle of infection? | -Thoroughly cleaning a patient's room -Following government guidelines regarding the spread of diseases -Teaching patients how to wash their hands properly |
| The most important aseptic procedure for medical professionals is | Handwashing |
| Infection prevention regulations in medical offices are enforced by OSHA and must be overseen by | A qualified person in the office. |
| Guidelines for handling biohazardous waste include | -Not opening reusable sharps containers. -Discarding the container when it is two-thirds full. -Keeping the container closed. -Wearing gloves. |
| Laundry contaminated with blood or body fluids should be placed in | A red laundry bag marked with the biohazard symbol. |
| Which of the following are true regarding a written exposure control plan? | -Employees who are at risk must have access to the plan. -A copy of the plan must be available to all employees |
| What should a needlestick prevention program include? | -Have established procedures for reporting needlesticks -Analyze sharps injuries -Properly train employees on use and disposal of sharps |
| Transmission-based precautions include three categories. | -Contact precautions -Airborne precautions -Droplet precautions |
| When a patient is diagnosed with an airborne transmitted disease, you should place the patient in an isolation room called what? | AIIR Airborne Infection Isolation Room |
| Contact precautions include: | -Disinfection the exam room -Wearing gloves -Hand washing |
| Why is it important to report exposure incidents immediately? | -To stop the spread to others -To help prevent the incident from happening again so that treatment can begin right away |
| How are sexually transmitted diseases transmitted? | -Direct touch -Direct bloodborne |
| Which of the following are considered biohazardous materials? | -Blood products -A removed organ |
| Reservoir host who is unaware of a pathogen because the person shows no signs of infection can spread the disease easily to others. | Carrier |
| Individual who has little to no immunity to infection by a particular pathogen. | Susceptible host |
| Animal, insect, or human whose body is susceptible to growth of a pathogen. | Reservoir host |
| Inanimate object, such as clothing, body fluids, water, or food, that may be contaminated with infectious organisms and thus transmit diseases | Fomite |
| A human carrier is also known as what? | Reservoir host |
| An ______ is one in which an abnormality or a malfunction in routine body processes has caused normally beneficial or harmless microorganisms to become pathogenic. | Endogenous infection |
| Which of the following are examples of means of exit? | -Open wounds -Semen |
| What type of transmission occurs when a pregnant woman passes a disease to her fetus in the uterus? | Direct bloodborne |
| Which of the following are means of entrance for an infection? | -Rectum -Mouth -Ears |
| Which of the following are characteristics of biohazardous waste containers? | -They must be labeled with a biohazardous waste label. -They can be appropriately lined and labeled boxes. -They are used to dispose of contaminated supplies and equipment. |
| Always make sure that the bag you are using for biohazardous spills can be tightly closed and is: | -Leak-proof. -Properly labeled |
| Employers are responsible for the following for needlestick safety | -Evaluating preventive procedures -Making sure safety in the workplace is a priority -Establishing procedures for reporting needlestick injuries |
| What type of transmission is it when transmitted by touching? (This is the most common means of spreading infections) | Contact transmission |
| Airborne precautions should be taken when pathogens can ______. | Float in the air for substantial distances |
| Which of the following is defined as a pathogen moving from one host to another? | Means of transmission |
| What has been documented to be found under fingernails? | -Bacteria -Types of yeast |
| What regulations must healthcare workers follow relating to workplace safety? | -Ergonomics -Chemical exposure -Fire safety |
| In highly populated areas, infection can spread quickly because | People are closer together. |
| The most important aseptic procedure all health care workers can do is to practice. | Proper hand hygiene. |
| Alcohol-based hand rubs should NOT be used | -After using the bathroom. -Before or after eating. -After contact with body fluid |
| Which statement is true regarding how OSHA assigns categories to medical procedures or tasks? | Assignment is based on the potential exposure to infected substances that may be encountered. |
| The HBV vaccine is recommended for all healthcare workers unless: | -Medical reasons for which the vaccine is contraindicated -They are immune to the virus per a blood test -They received it in the past |
| Which of the following are examples of susceptibility factors related to a pathogen? | -Point of entry -Strength of the pathogen |
| Healthcare workers that may come in contact with an infectious agent must be trained on which of the following? | -Job-specific infection prevention -Proper PPE selection and use |
| Employers must inspect workplace conditions and confirm that they conform to ______ standards. | OSHA |
| Educating patients in hygiene, health promotion, and disease prevention are ways to | Break the cycle of infection. |
| Biohazardous waste containers should be _____ before removing them from an exam room or when not in use. | Closed |
| Written exposure control plans must be reviewed with all employees: | Annually |
| Why should a needlestick prevention program analyze sharps injuries? | To find trends in the workplace |
| Patients with airborne illness should be ______. | Isolated |
| A contaminated pencil that transfers a pathogen to another susceptible host is called a(n) ______. | Fomite |
| The spread of pathogens through contact with blood or body fluids is a(n) | Bloodborne transmission. |
| Controlling injuries by altering the way a task is performed is called | Work practice controls |
| Which type of transmission is the most common means of spreading infectious diseases? | Touching |
| What precautions must you take when a microorganism is able to float in the air for a substantial distance? | Airborne Precautions |
| Fingernails of all healthcare workers should be | -No longer than 1/4 inch in length. -Chip free if polished. |
| Before you can understand the elements of an infection control plan, you first must understand how infections are | Transmitted |
| Which of the following are environmental factors in the transmission of disease in a community? | -Animals found in the community. -Density of people in the community -Weather in the community |
| Proper hand hygiene in the medical office prevents the spread of disease between ______. | -Staff members -Patients |
| OSHA and the CDC require medical professionals to follow specific universal blood and body fluid precautions, known as | Universal Precautions. |
| Transmission of microorganisms by contact with secretions from what body areas are known as droplet contact? | -Nose -Lungs -Digestive tract |
| What is an example of asepsis, a condition in which pathogens are absent or controlled? | -Handwashing -Sterilizing a suture removal kit |
| Removing dirt and microorganisms from the hands using running water, soap, and friction is called | Proper handwashing. |
| OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard of 1991 protects healthcare workers from: | Hazards on the job |
| Anyone handling biohazardous laundry must wear | Gloves |
| Microorganism capable of causing disease. | Pathogen |
| Infection caused by the introduction of a pathogen from outside the body. | Exogenous infection |
| Infection in which an abnormality or a malfunction in routine body processes causes normally beneficial or harmless microorganisms to become pathogenic. | Endogenous infection |
| Living organism, such as an insect, that carries microorganisms from an infected person to another person. | Vector |
| When does the infection cycle begin? | When the pathogen invades the reservoir host. |
| What is it called when an infection is caused by the introduction of a pathogen from outside the body? | Exogenous infection |
| Being exposed to hazardous substances is an example of a(n) ______ factor. | Environmental |
| When cleaning up a biohazardous waste spill, place the material in a leak-proof plastic bag, then into | A red biohazardous waste plastic bag. |
| Transmission by blood is an example of ______ transmission. | Direct |
| What vaccine does OSHA require healthcare workers who have occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials? | HBV |
| If you suspect that you have come in contact with spore-forming bacteria, you should ______. | Use water and soap to wash your hands |
| OSHA enforces the guidelines developed by the CDC for | Standard Precautions |
| The route a pathogen takes to exit from a reservoir host is called the | Means of exit |
| What are the guidelines that are meant as a supplement to standard precautions when caring for patients with suspected or confirmed infection? | Transmission-based precautions |
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