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History Chapter 2
vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the study of the earth's land, water, plants, animals, and people and how they live | geography |
| individual features of the land, like mountains and valleys | landforms |
| natural surroundings | environment |
| areas that share common characteristics | region |
| satellites that can tell the exact latitude and longitude of any place | GPS-Global Positioning System |
| software that helps geographers gather many different kids of information about the same place | GIS-Geographic Information System |
| theory that the crust of the earth is not a unbroken shell but consists of plates, or huge slabs of rock, that move | plate tectonics |
| cracks in the earth's crust | faults |
| low-lying stretches of flat or gently rolling land | plain |
| flat lands that have higher elevations | plateau |
| steep-sided lowlands that rivers have cut through a plateau | canyon |
| underground rock layers that water flows through | aquifer |
| usual, predictable pattern of weather in an area over a long period of time | climate |
| areas near the Equator that lie between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capicorn | tropics |
| buildup of gases from the burning of fossil fuels tht prevent the warm air from rising and escaping into the atmosphere,causing the over-all temperature of the earth to increase | greenhouse effect |
| careful use of resources so they are not wasted | conservation |
| powerful chemicals that kill crop-destroying insects | pesticides |
| places where the plants and animals are dependent upon one another | ecosystem |
| when farmers change what they plant in a field to avoid using up all the minerals in the soil | crop rotation |
| when wind or water carries soil away, leaving the land less fertile than before | erosion |
| cutting down forests | deforestation |
| rain containing high amounts of chemical pollutants | acid rain |