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WEEK 22:
Triangles of the neck:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how many surface landmarks of the neck | 13 |
| cervical regions of neck (4) | SCM, posterior cervical, lateral cervical (posterior triangle) and anterior cervical region (anterior triangle) |
| borders of anterior triangle (4) | anterior (median line of neck), posterior (anterior border of SCM), superior (inferior border of mandible), and apex (jugular notch at manubrium) |
| posterior triangle borders (4) | anterior (posterior border of SCM), posterior (anterior border of trapezius), inferior (middle 1/3 of clavicle), and apex (where SCM meets trapezius on superior nuchal line of occipital bone) |
| types of scalene muscles | 3 pairs- anterior, middle and posterior |
| torticollis clinical importance** | involuntary contraction of SCM |
| movement of SCM from anterolateral view | lateral flexion with extension |
| movement of SCM from lateral view | extension at atlanto-occipital joints and flexion of cervical vertebrae (when person is supine) |
| accessory nerve (CNXI) | provides motor supply (for movement) to descending part of trapezius muscle and SCM |
| function of trapezius muscle (descending part) | elevates scapula |
| muscles of posterior triangle (5) | Levator scapulae, Anterior scalene, Middle scalene, Posterior scalene, and Inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle |
| parts of the posterior triangle | 2- the omoclavicular triangle and occipital triangle |
| scalene muscles are supplied by | C4-6 spinal nerves |
| origin of scalene muscles | transverse processes of C2-7 |
| scalene anterior muscle attaches to | scalene tubercle on 1st rib |
| scalene middle muscle attaches to | 1st rib posterior to subclavian groove |
| scalene posterior muscles attaches to | 2nd rib |
| arteries in posterior triangle (3) | subclavian artery, transverse cervical artery (cervicodorsal trunk), and suprascapular artery |
| veins in posterior triangle (2) | subclavian vein and external jugular vein |
| which part of the subclavian artery is covered by the anterior scalene muscle | second part |
| the second part of the subclavian artery is covered by | anterior scalene muscle |
| external jugular veins formed by the union of | posterior auricular vein (PAV) and posterior division of retromandibular vein (pRMV) |
| where does the external jugular vein drain into | subclavian vein |
| nerves in posterior triangle (3) | accessory nerve (CNXI), trunks of brachial plexus and branches of cervical plexus |
| Erbs point | nerve point of the neck where all cutaneous branches of cervical plexus converge and become superficial |
| cervical plexus | network of nerves formed by anterior rami of spinal nerves C1-C5 which lies deep to SCM and anterolateral to levator scapulae giving off both motor (deep) and sensory (superficial) branches |
| sensory branches of cervical plexus | Lesser occipital nerve, Great auricular nerve, Transverse cervical nerve, Supraclavicular nerves (Lets Go To Sleep) |
| motor branches of cervical plexus | Muscular branches (to sternocleidomastoid, prevertebral and levator scapulae), Ansa Cervicalis (C1-3), Phrenic nerve (C3-5) (MAP) |
| subdivisions of anterior triangle (4) | carotid triangle, muscular triangle, submental triangle, and submandibular (digastric) triangle |
| submental triangle boundaries (4) | posterior (anterior belly of digastric), inferior (body of hyoid), anterior (midline of neck), and floor (mylohyoid muscle) |
| submandibular triangle boundaries (3) | superior (lower margin of mandible), anterior (anterior belly of digastric), and posterior (posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid) |
| contents of submandibular triangle (3) | submandibular gland, parts of facial artery and vein, and hypoglossal nerve |
| carotid triangle boundaries (3) | anterior (superior belly of omohyoid), superior (posterior belly of digastric), and posterior (anterior border of SCM) |
| carotid triangle contents (5) | Common carotid artery & its bifurcation, Internal jugular vein, Carotid sheath, Vagus nerve (CN X), and Ansa cervicalis |
| common carotid artery bifurcates into | external and internal carotid artery at level of superior border of thyroid cartilage (C3/4) |
| carotid sinus | dilated portion at bifurcation and acts as pressure receptor |
| carotid body | mass at bifurcation and acts as sensor of O2, CO2, and pH levels |
| 8 branches of external carotid artery | Superior thyroid, Lingual, Facial, Ascending pharyngeal, Occipital, Posterior auricular, Maxillary, and Superficial temporal |
| internal jugular vein | begins at jugular foramen as a continuation of sigmoid sinus |
| major tributaries of internal jugular vein (5) | Inferior petrosal sinus, Pharyngeal plexus, Common facial, Lingual, and Thyroid (superior and middle) |
| muscular triangle boundaries (3) | superior (hyoid bone), medially (midline of neck), and laterally (superior belly of omohyoid and SCM) |
| contents of muscular triangle (3) | Infrahyoid muscles, Thyroid gland, and Parathyroid gland |
| suprahyoid muscles (4) | Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, Stylohyoid, and Digastric |
| infrahyoid strap muscles (4) | Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, and Sternothyroid |
| arterial supply of thyroid gland (3) | Superior thyroid, Inferior thyroid, and Throidea ima |
| venous drainage of thyroid gland | Superior thyroid, Middle thyroid, and inferior thyroid |
Created by:
kablooey
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