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ANR 130 Stack #2
Terms from "Botany for Gardeners" Ch 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mitosis | a cell divisional process in which the chromosomes are duplicated |
| Gall | when the growth of plant parts is disrupted by the localized invasion of a foreign organism that causes abnormal swellings or outgrowths on stems or leaves |
| Meristem | a region where cells actively divide |
| Apical meristem | a region of actively dividing cells at the tip of a growing root or stem |
| Primary growth process | the increase of stem and root length before thickening |
| Secondary growth process | when stems have gained moderate height and begin to thicken toward their bases to give added stability and support for leaf mass resulting from cell division in the meristem |
| Seed coat | the protective outer layer of a seed |
| Scarified | to scratch or etch a thick seed coat to improve water uptake |
| Lateral meristem | a region where cell divide, located along the length of a stem or root (for example, vascular and cork cambia) |
| Cotyledon | a seed leaf; a food-storage structure in seeds |
| Embryo | an immature plant within a seed |
| Radicle | an embryonic root |
| Dicot | a member of a subclass of angiosperms characterized by having two cotyledons in their seeds |
| Monocot | a member of a subclass of angiosperms characterized by the presence of one cotyledon in the seeds |
| Endosperm | food-storage tissue in seeds |
| Viable | capable of germination |
| Dormant | a state of reduced cellular activity |
| Herbaceous | |
| Seedling | a young plant, shortly after seed germination |
| Hypocotyl | the part of a seedling between the roots and the place of attachment of the cotyledons |
| Epigeous | seed germination in which the cotyledons are raised above the soil surface |
| Hypogenous | seed germination in which the cotyledons remain below the soil surface |
| Vivipary | seed germination before dispersal |
| Imbibition | the process of water absorption by a dry substance or structure, causing it to swell |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water across permeable cell membranes that select for or against specific substances |
| Heterotrophic nutrition | a form of nutrition in which the organism depends on organic substances as a food source, as is the case with humans |
| Autotrophic nutrition | a form of nutrition in which complex food molecules are produced by photosynthesis from carbon dioxide, water, and minerals |
| After-ripening | when the embryo matures and all systems in the seed are being readied for the big event |
| Staggered germination | when a batch of seed, or a group of related plants in an area does not germinate at the same time |
| Allelopathy | release of chemicals by a plant to discourage the growth of other plants near it |
| Fibrous root system | a root system that sends many thin, profusely branched roots which grow relatively close to the soil surface, controlling soil erosion, capturing water as it percolates into the ground, and drawing mineral supplies before it leaches to lower levels |
| Tap root system | a root system that sends one or two rapidly growing, sparsely branched roots straight down into the soil to draw from deep water tables and mineral supplies |
| Drip zone | an area beyond the leaf canopy to which rain in channeled from the foliage above |
| Root cap | a protective cover over a root tip |
| Root hair | a hairlike projection of a root's epidermal cell |
| Shoot | a stem bearing leaves |
| Apical bud | a bud at the tip of a stem |
| Leaf primordia | earlike lobes that appear during the first stages of leaf formation |
| Axillary bud primordium | an immature axillary bud |
| Axil | the angle between the upper surface of a leaf and the stem to which it is attached |
| Node | the segment of a stem to which leaves and axillary buds are attached |
| Internode | the segment of a stem between two nodes |
| Alternate | a leaf arrangement |
| Opposite | |
| Whorled | |
| Trees | |
| Shrubs | |
| Ground cover | |
| Cork | |
| Lenticle | |
| Leaf scar | |
| Bud scale | |
| Apical (terminal) bud |
Created by:
millerm3
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