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Pathology Digest Sys
Pathology of Digestive System chapt. 8 med term
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Herpes Labialis | cold sores, fever, blisters; blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue caused by HSV-1 |
| Leukoplakia | abnormal white precancerous lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue on the inside of the cheek |
| Stomatomycosis | any disease of the mouth due to fungus |
| Oral Thrush | type of stomatomycosis develops when the fungus candida albicans grows out of control |
| Trismus | any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer |
| Xerostomia | dry mouth |
| Bruxism | grinding of teeth |
| Halitosis | bad breath |
| Malocclusion | deviation from the upper and lower teeth alignment |
| Gingivitis | early stages of periodontal disease that causes inflammation of the gums |
| Dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) | upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus leading to acid irritation and damage to the esophagus |
| Pyrosis (heartburn) | burning sensation caused by the return of acid into the esophagus |
| Hiatal Hernia | an anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm |
| Gastritis | common inflammation of the stomach lining that can be caused by bacteria |
| Gastroenteritis | inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines |
| Peptic Ulcer | Sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system. Caused by bacteria or medications, such as aspirin, that irritate the lining of the stomach |
| Anorexia | loss of appetite for food, especially when caused by disease |
| Anorexia Nervosa | characterized by a false perception of body appearance. Voluntary starvation and excessive exercise cause the patient to become emaciated (abnormally thin) |
| Bulimia Nervosa | frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory laxatives, diuretics,or other medications |
| Dehydration | condition in which fluid loss exceeds fluid intake and disrupts the body's normal electrolyte |
| Malnutrition | lack of proper food or nutrients in the body due to a shortage of food, poor eating habits, or inability of the body to absorb nutrients |
| Malabsorption | small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from food that passes through it |
| Dyspepsia | indigestion |
| Emesis | vomiting |
| Hematemesis | vomiting of blood |
| Nausea | the urge to vomit |
| Celiac disease | inherited autoimmune disease leading to gluten intolerance |
| Polyp | a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane. Not all polyps are malignant |
| Diverticulosis | the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon |
| Diverticulitis | inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon |
| Ischemic colitis | Occurs when part of the large intestine is partially or completely deprived of blood. Tissue will become necrotic within 24 hours |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | (IBS) unknown cause, symptoms include: intermittent cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | (IBD) cause inflammation and swelling in the intestines |
| Ulcerative colitis | chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine causes ulcers and irritation |
| Crohn's disease | chronic autoimmune disorder commonly found in the ileum and colon; causes scarring and thickening of the walls of the affect structure , can occur anywhere in the digestive tract |
| Volvulus | Latin word for twisting or rolling. This is twisting of the volvulus of the intestines and can cause a blockage |
| Clostridium difficile (C. diff) | bacterial infection common in hospital or long-term care facilities, causes diarrhea and can lead to inflammation of the colon |
| Dysentry | bacteria infection spread in hot countries and is spread through food/water |
| E. coli | bacteria transmitted through contaminated food that has not been cooked properly |
| Salmonella | transmitted through feces (animal contact or eating contaminated raw or undercooked meat or eggs) |
| Bowel incontinence | inability to control the excretion of feces |
| Constipation | having a bowel movement fewer than 3 times per week |
| Diarrhea | abnormally frequent flow of loose or watery stool |
| Hemorrhoids | occurs when a cluster of veins, mm. and tissue slip near or through the anal opening |
| Jaundice | yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes. Caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin |
| Cirrhosis | a chronic-degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring |
| Cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by a gallstone blocking the cystic duct |
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy | an endoscopic procedure that direct visualization of the upper GI tract |
| Endoscope | an instrument used for visual examination of internal structures |
| Capsule endoscopy | tiny video camera in a capsule that the patient swallows |
| Colonoscopy | direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum |
| Sigmoidoscopy | endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon |
| Hemoccult | Fecal occult blood test a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stool |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| EGD | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| GERD | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
| GI | Gastrointestinal tract |
| IBD | Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
| IBS | Irritable Bowel Syndrome |
| NG tube | Nasogastric tube |
Created by:
lrcoy9
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