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ANR 130 Stack #1
Terms from "Botany for Gardeners" Ch 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cytology | study of cells |
| Morphology | study of the form and structure of plants |
| Anatomy | study of plant cellular structure |
| Taxonomy | study of scientific plant classification into large and small subgroups |
| Genetics | study of inheritance of characteristics from generation to generation |
| Physiology | study of how plants function |
| Species | a group of individuals sharing many characteristics and interbreeding freely |
| Spores | reproductive cells that grow directly into a new plant |
| Photosynthesis | the process in which light energy is used to form foods from carbon dioxide and water |
| Gymnosperm | a member of a class of plants forming seeds in an exposed condition, frequently in cones |
| Conifers | a type of gymnosperms, which include cedar, redwood, juniper, cypress, fir, pine, and giant sequoias |
| Angiosperm | a member of a class of plants characterized by the formation of fruits containing seeds |
| Metabolism | the complex chain of chemical reactions plant cells engages in when they're alive |
| Determinate growth | growth to a genetically predetermined size |
| Indeterminate growth | growth to an indefinite size |
| Annuals | a plant completing its life cycle within a single growing season |
| Biennials | a plant completing its life cycle within two growing periods |
| Pereninals | a plant living through several growing seasons |
| Root system | the half of the plant body anchored in the soil |
| Shoot system | the part of the plant body consisting of the stems and leaves |
| Cell | the smallest independently alive unit from which plants and animals are constructed |
| Protoplasm | the living substance of cells, including cytoplasm |
| Nucleus | the body within a cell controlling its activities, including inheritance |
| Cytoplasm | the living protoplasm of a cell, excluding the nucleus |
| Cytoplasmic membrane | the membrane enclosing the cytoplasm |
| Organelle | a cell structure performing a specific function |
| Chloroplasts | the cellular body in which photosynthesis occurs |
| Chlorophyll | a green plant pigment located in chloroplasts |
| Mitochondria | |
| Cellular respiration | the chemical breakdown of food substances, resulting in the liberation of energy |
| Ribosome | a cellular particle; the site of protein synthesis |
| Chromosome | a threadlike structure bearing genes in a cell nucleus; each chromosome consists of two chromatids formed by the chromosome's longitudinal division |
| Vacuole | a fluid-filled sac within a cell |
| Plasmodesmata | fine strands of cytoplasm away from the cell wall as a result of excess water loss |
| Cell wall | the outer covering of a plant cell |
| Pectin | a substance in cell walls binding cells together |
| Middle lamella | a layer of pectin binding two adjacent cell walls |
| Cellulose | a plant substance forming a part of the structure of cell walls |
| Primary wall | the first layer of cellulose laid down during development of a new cell wall |
| Lignin | a tough, durable plant substance deposited in cell walls, especially in wood |
| Secondary wall | the portion of a cell wall laid down inside the primary wall |
| Microfibrils | a fine thread of cellulose in a cell wall |
Created by:
millerm3
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