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chpt 44

TermDefinition
Hemoglobin (Hgb) Protein in RBCs that carries oxygen; Normal: Males 13–17 g/dL, Females 12–16 g/dL
Hematocrit (Hct) Percentage of blood volume made up of RBCs; Normal: Males 42–52%, Females 36–48%
Complete Blood Count (CBC) Measures RBC, WBC, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and indices
Normal WBC Range 4,500–11,000/mm³
Normal Platelet Range 150,000–400,000/mm³
WBC Differential Counts 100 white blood cells to determine percentages of each type
Granulocyte Percentage 50–70%
Lymphocyte/Monocyte Percentage 20–40%
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Measures how fast RBCs settle in 1–2 hours; detects inflammation
ESR Methods Westergren and Wintrobe
Anemia Decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin
Polycythemia Excess red blood cell production
Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) Requires 8–12 hour fast; Normal: 70–99 mg/dL
Random Blood Glucose Measured at any time of day using capillary blood
Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) Tests ability to metabolize glucose over time
Hemoglobin A1C Reflects blood glucose control over past 2–3 months
Hyperglycemia High blood glucose
Hypoglycemia Low blood glucose
Total Cholesterol Normal 130–200 mg/dL (fasting)
High Cholesterol Risk Above 200 mg/dL
HDL “Good” cholesterol; should be >45 mg/dL
LDL “Bad” cholesterol; should be <100 mg/dL
Triglycerides Normal 40–150 mg/dL
Critical Low Hemoglobin <7 g/dL
Critical Low Glucose <50 mg/dL
Critical High Glucose >400 mg/dL
Critical Low Platelets <50,000/mm³
Critical High WBC >30,000/mm³
INR Normal Range 1.0–1.4
Critical INR >4.0
Insulin Hormone that lowers blood glucose
Glucagon Hormone that raises blood glucose
Created by: user-2025457
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