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WEEK 19:
Introduction to the pericardium and heart:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pericardium types (2) | fibrous and serous |
| cardiac tamponade | build up of fluid in the pericardial cavity (which presses on the heart) due to inflammation/ infection |
| pericardial paracentesis | procedure to remove excess fluid in pericardial cavity |
| where is pericardial paracentesis done | pass needle lateral to the left side of the xiphoid process with/ without ultrasound |
| in pericardial paracentesis how is the pleural cavity avoided | go through cardiac notch in left lung instead |
| blood supply to pericardium | pericardiacophrenic artery (branch of internal thoracic) |
| nerve supply to pericardium | phrenic nerve (supplies sensation) |
| superior border of the heart | left 2nd costal cartilage to right 3rd costal cartilage |
| right border of the heart | 3rd costal cartilage to 6th costal cartilage |
| left border of the heart | 2nd costal cartilage to 5th intercostal space |
| inferior border of the heart | right 6th costal cartilage to left 5th intercostal space |
| valves on the right side of heart (2) | aortic and tricuspid |
| valves on the left side of heart (2) | pulmonary and mitral |
| interventricular septum of the heart is made of | anterior interventricular groove and posterior interventricular groove |
| atrial appendages (2) | right and left auricle (flaps on atria) |
| right and left coronary arteries | supply and drain blood to and from the myocardium |
| where do right and left coronary arteries arise from | aortic sinus (space superior to semilunar valve cusps) |
| branches of the left coronary artery (3) | circumflex, anterior interventricular (AIV/LAD), and left marginal |
| branches of the right coronary artery (4) | branch to SA node, right marginal, AV nodal branch (Crux of heart), posterior interventricular (PDA) |
| left coronary artery supplies (4) | LA, most of LV, anterior 2/3 of IV septum, and SAN (40%) |
| right coronary artery supplies (6) | RA, RV, posterior 1/3 of IV septum, small part of left ventricle, SAN (60%), and AVN (80%) |
| posterior IV branch of coronary artery | from right coronary artery and supplies AVN when RCA is dominant, but can sometimes come from circumflex branch to supply AVN when LCA is dominant (5-10%), or supplied by both RCA and LCA |
| how does blood drain into RA | from coronary -> veins |
| veins that drain blood into RA from coronary sinus (4) | great cardiac, middle cardiac, small cardiac, and oblique |
| venae cordis minimae | small group of valveless myocardial cardiac veins within the walls of each chamber, responsible for draining venous blood directly into each chamber |
| changes in postnatal circulation (3) | lungs expand and decrease resistance to blood flow, pressure in LA> RA, and blood stops flowing through foramen ovale |
| what closes in postnatal circulation | ductus arteriosus constricts leading to closure and ligamentum arteriosum forms, and foramen ovale is covered by a layer (fossa ovalis) to stop blood flowing from atria-atria |
Created by:
kablooey
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