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Byzantine and Islam

TermDefinition
Patriarch The head of the Eastern orthodox, originally appointed by the Byzantine emperor.
Idolatry The worship of a physical idol as a God.
Icon A conventional religious image typically pointed in a small wooden panel and venerated as sacred by Eastern Christians.
Missionary A person sent out to carry a religious message.
Shari'ah A law code drawn up by Muslim schools after Muhammad’s death. It provided believers with a set of practical laws to regulate their daily lives.
Quran The holy scriptures of the religions of Islam.
Allah Arabic for God, the supreme God of Islam.
Hajj A pilgrimage to Makkah (Mecca, Mekah), one of the requirements of the Five Pillars of Islam.
Muslim A person, who believes in Islam.
Hijrah The journey of Muhammad and his followers of Madinah (Medina) in 622, which became year 1 of the official calendar of Islam.
Five Pillars of Islam Acts of worship every Muslim must perform; these include belief, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage.
Caliph A successor of Muhammad as spiritual and temporal leader of the Muslims.
Caliphate The office of the Caliph.
Jihad "Struggle in the way of God".
Shia (Shiite) A Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammed’s son-in-law Ali as the true leader of Islam
Sunni A Muslim troop that accepts only the descendants of the Umayyads as the true rulers of Islam.
Sultan “Holder of power”, the military and political head of state under the Seljuk Turks and Ottoman.
Justinian's Code A uniform code of laws based on Roman Law.
Hagia Sophia Magnificent Christian church in Constantinople built by Justinian.
Excommunication Expulsion from the Roman Catholic Church
Autocrat Absolute ruler. One with complete control over the government.
Mecca Birthplace of Muhammad.
Ramadan A month of prayer and fasting.
Umayyads Islamic dynasty that spread Islam from the Atlantic to India.
Abbasids Dynasty that ruled from the city of Baghdad.
Created by: user-2023714
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