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WEEK 20:
The Cardiac Cycle:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| phases of cardiac cycle (3) | atrial systole, ventricular systole (3), and ventricular diastole (3) |
| ventricular systole parts (3) | isovolumetric contraction, rapid ejection, and reduced ejection |
| ventricular diastole parts (3) | isovolumetric relaxation, rapid ventricular filling, and diastasis |
| describe diastole and systole at rest | diastole lasts twice as long as systole |
| stroke volume (how much blood ejected) | 70mL |
| ventricular volume at diastole (EDV) | 120mL |
| ventricular volume at systole (SV) | 50mL |
| atrial systole letter on atrial pressure curve | a wave |
| atrial systole heart sound | rarely hear 4th heart sound |
| isovolumetric contraction | begins at peak of R wave on ECG when AV valves close (when ventricular pressure is more than atrial pressure) creating 'lub' sound (turbulent flow of blood around AV valves) with no change in ventricular volume. |
| rapid ejection | C wave on atrial pressure curve showing period of time for 2/3 of stroke volume to be ejected and occurs when ventricular pressure exceeds aorta/pulmonary artery forcing semilunar valves open |
| reduced ejection | T wave of ECG where blood flow out of ventricles continues (1/3 stroke volume) but more slowly. Eventually ventricular pressure falls below aorta/pulmonary artery allowing some arterial blood to flow back to heart + semilunar valves close |
| isovolumetric relaxation | during previous 2 phases atria have been filling and now blood flow out ventricles stops- this creates 'dup' when semilunar valves close and turbulent flow of blood, where sound may split on deep inspiration |
| rapid ventricular filling | ventricular pressure falls below atrial pressure forcing AV valves open for blood to flow down- 3rd heart sound heard in children with thinner chest walls/ adults with clear cardiac problems eg congestive heart failure |
| diastasis (reduced ventricular filling) | filling of ventricles continues more slowly as ventricular pressure rises above atrial pressure, and this continues until ventricles are almost full occurring 60-100 times/min |
| jugular venous pulse | |
| rapid ejection on atrial pressure curve (C) caused by what | slight distension of AV valves into atria, BUT papillary muscles contract to prevent AV valves being pushed into atria |
| what level of arterial pressure will aortic valve open | just above patients diastolic pressure |
| what causes heart sounds | turbulent flow of blood around valves when they close |
| when is the jugular venous pulse more pronounced | in patients with heart failure/ fluid overload |
| how can JVP be distinguished from carotid pulse | through biphasic nature and the fact it disappears on palpation |
| internal jugular vein valves | valveless |
| when and where can the jugular venous pulse be seen | although low pressures, if patient lies 45 degrees the jugular venous pulse may just be seen above clavicle between SCM heads |
| a,c,v waves of jugular venous pulse match | atrial pressure profile |
| patient with a systolic heart murmur does not radiate into neck is caused by | torn chorda tendinea (cannot connect papillary muscles to mitral valve) |
| chordae tendineae | 'heart strings' which connect papillary muscles to AV valves |
Created by:
kablooey
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