Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Clinical Cardiology
Clinical Cardiology, Oxford Handbook of Clinical Diagnosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Probability of MI if troponin is normal after 12 hours? | <0.3% |
| Elevated troponin indicates what? | Muscle necrosis up to 2 weeks before |
| ST segment elevation on ECG suggests? | Current ischaemia (or rarely ventricular aneurysm) |
| What is the blanket term for angina and infarction? | Acute coronary syndrome |
| Why are serial ECGs and enzymes important? | To distinguish angina from infarction |
| Typical features of angina pain? | Central pain ± radiating, intermittent, relieved by rest/nitrates, <30 minutes |
| How is angina confirmed? | No troponin rise after 12 hours, no ST elevation |
| What relieves angina pain? | Rest or nitrates |
| Typical features of STEMI pain? | Continuous >30 minutes, not relieved by rest/nitrates |
| ECG criteria for STEMI? | ST elevation ≥1mm in limb leads or ≥2mm in chest leads |
| What does troponin elevation confirm in STEMI? | Muscle necrosis episode up to 2 weeks before |
| Why is ST elevation sufficient for thrombolysis? | Indicates transmural ischaemia |
| Typical features of NSTEMI pain? | Continuous >30 minutes, not relieved by rest/nitrates |
| How is NSTEMI confirmed? | Elevated troponins after 12 hours, ST/T changes but no ST elevation |
| What ECG changes are seen in NSTEMI? | ST depression, T wave inversion |
| Typical features of oesophagitis pain? | Pain when supine or after food, relieved by antacids |
| How is oesophagitis confirmed? | Normal troponin, normal ECG, improvement with antacids, endoscopy evidence |
| Key differentiator between oesophagitis and angina? | Relief with antacids vs nitrates |
| Clinical features of pulmonary embolus? | Chest pain, abrupt dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, loud P2, DVT risk factors |
| How is pulmonary embolus confirmed? | V/Q mismatch or CT pulmonary angiogram showing clot |
| What heart sound is accentuated in pulmonary embolus? | Loud second sound in pulmonary area |
| Clinical features of pneumothorax? | Abrupt chest pain, breathlessness, hyperresonance on percussion |
| How is pneumothorax confirmed? | Expiration CXR showing dark field with loss of lung markings outside sharp lung edge |
| What physical exam finding suggests pneumothorax? | Resonance to percussion over affected site |
| Clinical features of aortic dissection? | Tearing pain radiating to back, absent pulses, early diastolic murmur, hypotension |
| How is aortic dissection confirmed? | CT/MRI showing loss of single clear lumen |
| What chest X-ray finding suggests aortic dissection? | Wide mediastinal shadow |
| Clinical features of chest wall pain? | Pain and tenderness on chest wall movement/twisting |
| How is chest wall pain confirmed? | Normal troponin/CK-MB, normal ECG, response to rest/analgesics |
| Key differentiator between chest wall pain and cardiac pain? | Localized tenderness and reproducibility with movement |
Created by:
kaish98bd
Popular Medical sets