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MED104 fLaShCaRdS01
BREAKDOWN OF TERMS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cardio/myo/pathy | cardio- prefix "heart"; -myo- root "muscles"; -pathy suffix "disease"; Disease of the heart muscle. The symptoms of cardiomyopathy may include fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest pain. |
| anti/sepsis | anti- prefix "against"; -sepsis suffix "putrefaction"; -Against putrefaction /or/ Prevention of infection. Sterile gloves are worn during procedures to maintain antisepsis. |
| arthr/itis | arthr- root "joints"; -itis suffix "inflammation; -Inflammation of the joints. I've been going to Occupational Therapy for my arthritis. |
| fibro/my/algia | fibro- prefix "fibrous tissue"; -my- root "muscle"; -algia suffix "pain"; -Pain in fibrous and muscle tissues. Stress and anxiety can trigger fibromyalgia symptoms. |
| bronch/itis | bronch- root "bronchi"; -itis suffix "inflammation"; -Inflammation of the bronchi. Smoking can cause chronic bronchitis. |
| hypo/thyroid/ism | hypo- prefix "under"; -thyroid- root "thyroid gland"; -ism suffix "condition"; -Condition of an underactive thyroid gland. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is an autoimmune disease called Hashimoto's thyroiditis. |
| nephro/logy | nephro- root "kidney"; -logy suffix "study of"; -Study of the kidneys. The nephrology clinic offers treatments for various kidney conditions. |
| tricho/tillo/mania | tricho- prefix "hair"; -tillo- root "pick/pull"; -mania suffix "excessive" - Excessive hair-pulling. Trichotillomania can be hereditary and/or genetic. |
| derma/tillo/mania | derma- prefix "skin"; -tillo- root "pick/pull"; -mania suffix "excessive" - Excessive picking of the skin. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a method of therapy used to help manage Dermatillomania. |
| encephal/itis | encephal- root "brain"; -itis suffix "inflammation" - Inflammation of the brain. Herpes simplex virus can sometimes cause encephalitis. |
| gastro/enter/itis | gastro- prefix "stomach"; -enter- root "intestines"; -itis suffix "inflammation" - Inflammation of the stomach and intestines. The most common symptoms of gastroenteritis include vomiting and diarrhea. |
| hepat/itis | hepat- root "liver"; -itis suffix "inflammation"; -Inflammation of the liver. The hepatitis B virus can survive outside the body for up to seven days. |
| adenoid/ectomy | adenoid- root "adenoid glands"; -ectomy suffix "removal"; -Removal of the adenoid glands. After the adenoidectomy, his snoring significantly improved. |
| echo/cardio/gram | echo- prefix "soundwaves"; -cardio- root "heart"; -gram suffix "written record"; -Written record of heart sounds. The doctor performed an echocardiogram to assess the condition of my heart. |
| hyper/lipid/emia | hyper- prefix "excessive"; -lipid- root "fats"; -emia suffix "blood condition"; -Excessive fat in the blood. Hyperlipidemia is the medical term for high cholesterol. |
| retino/pathy | retino- root "retina"; -pathy suffix "disease"; -Disease of the retina. People with diabetes are at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. |
| idio/pathic | idio- prefix "unknown"; -pathic suffix "disease /or/ condition"; -Unknown condition /or/ disease. The tumor's origin is idiopathic and cannot be identified. |
| contra/lateral | contra- prefix "opposite"; -lateral root "side" -- The opposite side (of the body). The left hemisphere of the brain controls the contralateral side of the body. |
| ipsi/lateral | ipsi- prefix "same"; -lateral root "same" -- The same side (of the body). An injury to the leg can cause ipsilateral knee pain. |
| endo/prosth/esis | endo- prefix "inside"; -prosth- root "artificial device (prosthesis)"; -esis suffix "process or action" -- An artificial device placed inside the body. Knee and joint replacements are examples of endoprosthesis. |
| hypo/ton/ia | hypo- prefix "less than"; -ton- root "tone or muscle tone"; -ia suffix "state or condition" -- Low muscle tone. Hypotonia in infants is also referred to as floppy baby syndrome. |
| gerento/logy | geronto- root "elderly"; -logy suffix "study of" -- The study of the elderly. Research in gerontology often explores the impact of aging on cognitive functions. |
| peri/stalsis | peri- prefix "around/through"; -stalsis root "contraction" -- Waves of muscle contractions. The wave-like motion of peristalsis ensures that food is thoroughly mixed with digestive enzymes. |
| cephal/algia | cephal- root "head"; -algia suffix "pain" -- Headache Stress often triggers cephalalgia in some individuals. |
| cellul/itis | cellul- root "cells"; -itis suffix "inflammation" -- Inflammation of the cells. The term "cellulitis" is typically used to describe a bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. |
| hypo/reflex/ia | hypo- prefix "under/below"; -reflex- root "reflex/flexion"; -ia suffix "state or condition" -- Condition of underactive reflexes. Hyporeflexia is often associated with conditions like Guillain-Barré syndrome. |
| hypo/ton/ia | hypo- prefix "under/below"; -ton- root "tone"; -ia suffix "state or condition" -- Underdeveloped tone. People with hypotonia may have trouble sitting upright for extended periods. |
| mono/cyte | mono- prefix "one"; -cyte root "cell" -- One cell. High monocyte levels can indicate an ongoing infection. |
| ad/ren/al | ad- prefix "toward"; -ren- root "kidney"; -al suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to toward the kidneys. The adrenal response to danger is often referred to as the 'fight or flight' response. |
| dys/plas/ia | dys- prefix "bad"; -plas- root "formation/development"; -ia suffix "condition/state" -- Condition of abnormal development. The veterinarian diagnosed the dog with hip dysplasia. |
| vas/ectomy | vas- root "vessel (specifically the vas deferens)"; -ectomy suffix "surgical removal"; Surgical removal of the vas deferens. He had a vasectomy because he didn't want any more children. |
| tendon/itis | tendon- root "tendon"; -itis suffix "inflammation" -- Inflammation of the tendon. Athletes commonly suffer from tendonitis due to repetitive movements. |
| hemo/dia/lysis | hemo- prefix "blood"; -dia- root "through"; -lysis suffx "breaking down" -- Breaking down blood through a filter. One of the potential risks of hemodialysis is infection at the site of the vascular access. |
| iso/ton/ic | iso- prefix "same/equal"; -ton- root "tension/pressure"; -ic suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to equal pressure. Isotonic sports drink replenish electrolytes after a workout. |
| meso/enter/ic | meso- prefix "middle"; -enter- root "intestine"; -ic suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to the membrane in the middle that supports the intestines. Mesenteric vessels supply blood to the intestines. |
| later/alis | later- root "side"; -alis suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to the side. The vastus lateralis is a muscle on the side of the thigh. |
| xero/derm/a | xero- prefix "dry"; -derm- root "skin"; -a suffix "condition" -- Dry skin condition Her xeroderma became more uncomfortable during the winter months. |
| kerat/osis | kerat- root "horny tissue/hard/keratin"; -osis suffix "abnormal condition" -- Horny tissue condition Keratosis causes rough patches on the skin. |
| centri/fug/al | centri- prefix "center"; -fug- root "move away"; -al suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to moving away from the center. The centrifugal force moves objects away from the center. |
| centri/pet/al | centri- prefix "center"; -pet- root "move toward"; -al suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to moving toward the center. The pain spread in a centripetal pattern toward the center of the body. |
| adipo/cele | adipo- root "fat"; -cele suffix "hernia/protrusion" -- Fatty tissue protrusion. An adipocele is a fatty tissue protrusion, such as fat bulging through the abdominal wall. |
| angi/oma | angio- prefix "vessel (blood or lymph)"; -oma root "tumor" -- a benign tumor made of blood vessels. An example of an angioma is a red birthmark on the skin. |
| ichthy/osis | ichthy- root "scaly"; -osis suffix "condition" -- Scaly skin condition. Ichthyosis is often noticeable at birth due to scaly skin. |
| de/cub/itus | de- prefix "down"; -cub- root "to lie"; -itus suffix "condition" -- Condition related to lying down (bed sores). Frequent repositioning helps prevent decubitus sores in bedridden patients. |
| dermato/myc/osis | dermato- prefix "skin"; -myc- root "fungus"; -osis suffix "condition" -- Fungal infection of the skin. The patient developed dermatomycosis after exposure to a moist environment. |
| epi/derm/al | epi- prefix "above/upon"; -derm- root "skin"; -al suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to the outer layer of skin. Epidermal damage often heals without scarring. |
| intra/dermal | intra- prefix "within"; -dermal- root "-al suffix "pertaining to" -- pertaining to within the skin. The nurse administered an intradermal test for tuberculosis. |
| rhytid/o/plasty | rhytid- root "wrinkle"; -o- combining vowel; -plasty suffix "surgical repair" -- Surgical repair to remove wrinkles. Rhytidoplasty is commonly referred to as a facelift. |
| homo/graft | homo- prefix "same"; -graft root "tissue transplant" -- Tissue transplant from another human (same species). Homografts reduce rejection compared to xenografts. |
| hemat/hidr/osis | hemat- prefix "blood"; -hidr- root "sweat"; -osis suffix "condition" -- Sweating blood. Hematidrosis causes blood to appear in sweat during extreme stress. |
| urtic/aria | urtic- root "nettle/itching"; -aria suffix "disease/abnormal state" -- A skin condition characterized by itchy, raised welts (hives). Antihistamines are commonly used to treat urticaria. |
| anti/histamin/e | anti- prefix "against"; -histamin/e root "histamine" -- a substance that works against histamine to reduce allergy symptoms. An antihistamine helps relieve allergy symptoms like itching and sneezing. |
| xanth/oma | xanth- root "yellow"; -oma suffix "tumor" -- Yellow, fatty tumor. The doctor noted a xanthoma on the patient’s eyelid. |
| erythro/cyan/osis | eythro- prefix "red"; -cyan- root "blue"; -osis suffix "condition" -- Abnormal condition of red and blue skin. Erythrocyanosis is commonly seen in individuals with circulatory issues. |
| sub/ungu/al | sub- prefix "under"; -ungu- root "nail"; al suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to under the nail. A subungual hematoma formed beneath the fingernail. |
| comed/o | comed/o root "to eat up" -- A plugged hair follicle, commonly known as blackhead/whitehead. A comedo forms when a pore becomes clogged with oil. |
| macer/ate | macer- root "soften or soak"; -ate suffix "to make/act of" -- To soften the skin. Prolonged moisture can macerate the skin around a wound. |
| ex/cori/ation | ex- prefix "out/away"; -cori- root "skin"; -ation "process or condition" -- Process of scraping or scratching the skin. Repeated scratching caused excoriation of the skin. |
| necr/osis | necr- root "death"; -osis suffix "state or condition" -- An abnormal condition involving tissue death. Necrosis occurs when tissue dies due to lack of blood supply. |
| pachy/derma | pachy- prefix "thick"; -derm- root "skin"; -a suffix "condition" -- Condition of thick skin. Long-term irritation may result in pachyderma. |
| steat/oma | steat- root "fat"; -oma suffix "tumor" -- Fatty tumor. Steatomas are usually slow-growing and painless. |
| xanth/osis | xanth- root "yellow"; -osis suffix "abnormal condition" -- Abnormal condition of yellow skin. Xanthosis may be associated with metabolic conditions. |
| squam/ous | squam- root "scale"; -ous suffix "pertaining to"-- pertaining to scale-like cells or tissue. Squamous cell carcinoma affects the outer skin layers. |
| impetig/o | impetig- root "eruption/attack"; -o suffix (noun ending) -- Contagious bacterial infection of the skin. Impetigo causes red sores that form honey-colored crusts. |
| actin/ic | actin- root "radiation/ray"; -ic suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to radiation/sunlight/UV rays Actinic damage results from long-term sun exposure. |
| anti/prurit/ic | anti- prefix "against"; -prurit- root "itch"; -ic suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to relieving itching. The doctor prescribed an antipruritic cream to relieve itching. |
| xeno/graft | xeno- prefix "foreign"; -graft root " tissue transplant" -- Tissue transplant from a foreign species. Xenografts are commonly derived from pig tissue. |
| onych/o/phag/ia | onych/o- root "nail"; -phag- root "to eat/bite"; -ia suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to eating or biting the nails - Nail biting. Chronic onychophagia can damage the nail bed. |
| cervic/al | cervic- root "neck"; -al suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to the neck. The patient was fitted with a cervical collar to support the neck. |
| thorac/ic | thorac- root "chest"; -ic suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to the chest. Thoracic vertebrae are located in the chest region. |
| lumb/ar | lumb- root "lower back"; -ar suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to the lower back. Lumbar vertebrae support the lower back. |
| sacr/al | sacr- root "sacrum"; -al suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to the sacrum (base of the spine). The patient had a sacral fracture after the fall. |
| epi/phys/es | epi- prefix "above"; -phys- root "growth"; -es suffix (noun ending) -- Located at the ends of long bones. The epiphyses are located at the ends of long bones. |
| dia/phys/is | dia- prefix "through"; -phys- root "growth"; -is suffix (noun ending) -- The shaft (mid portion) of a long bone. The diaphysis forms the long shaft of a bone. |
| meta/phys/is | meta- suffix "between"; -phys- root "growth"; -is suffix (noun ending) -- The neck; connects the diaphysis with the epiphysis. The metaphysis lies between the epiphysis and diaphysis. |
| brachi/o/cephal/ic | brachi/o root "arm"; -cephal- root "head"; -ic suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to the arm and head. The brachiocephalic artery supplies blood to the head and arm. |
| ankyl/o/dactyl/y | ankyl/o root "stiff/fused"; -dactyl- root "finger or toe"; -y suffix "condition" -- A condition of stiff or fused fingers or toes. Ankylodactyly causes limited movement of the fingers. |
| arthr/o/desis | arthr/o- root "joint"; -desis suffix "binding/surgical fixation" -- The surgical fusion of a joint. Arthrodesis permanently limits motion in the affected joint. |
| peri/ost/omy | peri- prefix "around"; -ost- root "bone"; -tomy suffix "incision; to cut" -- A surgical incision into the periosteum (the membrane surrounding bone). A periostomy was performed to relieve pressure on the bone. |
| gastro/paresis | gastro- root "stomach"; -paresis suffix "partial paralysis" -- Partial paralysis of the stomach. Gastroparesis makes it difficult to absorb nutrients and digest food properly. |
| tend/o/lysis | tend/o- root "tendons"; -lysis suffix "breakdown/loosening/separation" -- Surgical release or freeing of a tendon. Tendolysis was performed to restore tendon movement. |
| fasci/o/tomy | fasci/o root "fascia/connective tissue"; -tomy suffix "incision; to cut" -- A surgical incision into fascia to relieve pressure. A fasciotomy was performed to relieve pressure from swelling. |
| arthr/o/dys/plasia | arthr/o root "joint"; -dys- prefix "abnormal"; -plasia suffix "development" -- Abnormal development of the joints. Arthrodysplasia can cause joint deformities and limited movement. |
| spondyl/o/listh/esis | spondyl/o- root "spine/vertebrae"; -listh- root "slipped"; -esis suffix "condition" -- A condition where the vertebra slips out of place. Severe spondylolisthesis can compress spinal nerves. |
| valg/um | valg- root "bent outward"; -um suffix (noun ending) -- Knees bending inward — “knock-knees”. Valgum causes the knees to angle inward. |
| var/um | var- root "bent inward"; -um suffix (noun ending) -- Knees bowing outward — “bowlegs”. The child was diagnosed with genu varum. |
| myo/tasis | myo- root "muscle"; -tasis root "stretching, contraction, tension"; -- A muscle contraction or tension. The knee-jerk reflex is an example of myotasis. |
| arthr/o/clasia | arthr/o- root "joint"; -clasia root "breaking; surgical fracture" -- The surgical breaking of a stiff or fused joint to restore movement. Arthroclasia was performed to improve joint mobility. |
| hyper/emesis | hyper- prefix "excessive"; -emesis root "to vomit" -- Excessive vomiting. Severe hyperemesis can significantly affect a pregnant woman's quality of life. |
| sagitt/al | sagitt- root "arrow"; -al suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to a plane dividing the body into left and right portions. The surgeon made a sagittal incision to access the spinal cord. |
| bi/later/al | bi- prefix "two"; -later- root "side"; -al suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to both sides. Bilateral swelling was noted in both ankles. |
| antr/al | antr- root "cavity;chamber"; -al suffix "pertaining to" -- pertaining to a cavity, especially a sinus or hollow space. The dentist examined the antral cavity for infection. |
| intra/ven/ous | intra- prefix "sithin"; -ven- root "vein"; -ous suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to within a vein. An intravenous line was started in the emergency room. |
| pulmon/o/logy | pulmon/o root "lung"; -logy suffix "study of" -- Study of the lungs and respiratory system. Pulmonology specialists treat conditions like asthma and COPD. |
| eti/o/logy | eti/o- root "cause"; -logy suffix "study of" -- The study of the cause of a disease. Doctors investigated the etiology of the patient’s symptoms. |
| pro/phylax/is | pro- rprefix "before"; -phylax- root "to guard or protect"; -is suffix "action or condition" -- Measures taken to prevent disease. Vaccination is used as prophylaxis against infection. |
| syn/esthes/ia | syn- prefix "together"; -esthes- root "sensation or feeling"; -ia suffix "condition" -- a condition in which stimulation of one sense triggers another sense. A person with synesthesia may see colors when hearing music. |
| sub/cutane/ous | sub prefix "under; beneath"; -cutane- root "skin"; -ous suffix "pertaining to" -- pertaining to under the skin. The medication was absorbed through subcutaneous tissue. |
| anti/bio/tic | anti- prefix "against"; -bio- root "life"; -tic suffix "pertaining to" - pertaining to against life (kills or inhibits bacteria). Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial illnesses. |
| an/alges/ic | an- prefix "without"; -alges- root "pain"; -ic suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to without pain. Analgesics help manage mild to severe pain. |
| peri/pher/al | peri- prefix "around"; -pher- root "to carry"; -al suffix "pertaining to" -- pertaining to areas away from the center. Peripheral nerves extend away from the brain and spinal cord. |
| medi/al | medi- root "middle"; -al suffix "pertaining to" -- pertaining to the middle or toward the midline of the body. Medial muscles lie closer to the body’s midline. |
| intra/muscul/ar | intra- prefix "within"; -muscul- root "muscle"; -ar suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to the muscles. Intramuscular medications are absorbed faster than subcutaneous ones. |
| coron/ary | coron- root "crown"; -ary suffix "pertaining to -- Pertaining to the crown of vessels that surround the heart. Coronary disease can lead to a heart attack. |
| dia/gnos/is | dia- prefix "through; complete"; -gnos-root "knowledge"; -is suffix (noun ending) -- identification of a disease through knowledge and examination. The doctor made a diagnosis after reviewing the tests. |
| electro/myo/graphy | electro- root "electricity"; -myo=- root "muscle"; -graphy suffix "process of recording" -- the process of recording the electrical activity of muscles. Electromyography helps diagnose neuromuscular disorders. |
| dys/troph/y | dys- prefix "bad"; -troph- root "nourishment; growth"; -y suffix "condition" -- a condition of defective nourishment. Dystrophy causes progressive muscle weakness. |
| scoli/osis | scoli- root "crooked; bent"; -osis suffix "abnormal condition" -- An abnormal sideways curvature of the spine. The adolescent was screened for scoliosis at school. |
| dys/tax/ia | dys- prefix "bad; abnormal"; -tax- root "coordination"; -ia suffix "condition" -- a condition of abnormal or impaired coordination. Neurological damage can cause dystaxia. |
| metabol/ic | metabol- root "change"; -ic suffix "pertaining to" -- Pertaining to changes in the body. The patient has a metabolic disorder affecting energy use. |
| non-muc/oid | non- prefix "not"; -muco- root "mucus"; -oid suffix "resembling" -- Not resembling mucus. Non-mucoid secretions were observed during the exam. |
| normo/activ/e | normo- prefix "normal"; -activ- root "active"; -e suffix (adjective ending) -- having normal activity or function. The heart rhythm remained normoactive. |
| bi/carbon/ate | bi- prefix "two"; -carbon- root "carbon"; -ate suffix "chemical compound" -- a chemical compound containing two parts carbon-related ion. Bicarbonate helps regulate blood pH. |
| ultra/sono/grapher | ultra- prefix "beyond; high-frequency"; son/o- root "sound"; -grapher suffix "one who records or performs imaging" -- a healthcare professional who uses sound waves to create diagnostic images. A trained ultrasonographer captured images of the fetus. |
| respir/atory | respir- root "breathe"; -atory suffix "pertaining to" -- pertaining to breathing or the respiratory system. The patient showed signs of respiratory distress. |
| acid/osis | acid- root "acid"; -osis suffix "abnormal condition" -- an abnormal condition in which body fluids contain too much acid. Severe acidosis can impair organ function. |
| in/somn/ia | in- prefix "not"; -somn- root "sleep"; -ia suffix "condition" -- Condition of not sleeping. I've had insomnia for years and need Rx medication to sleep. |
| dys/kines/ia | dys- prefix "abnormal; impaired"; -kines- root "movement"; -ia suffix "condition" -- Condition of impaired movement. Dyskinesia causes involuntary muscle movements. |
| oste/o/lysis | oste/o- root "bone"; -lysis suffix "breakdown" -- The breakdown of bone tissue. Infection can cause osteolysis of surrounding bone. |
| cranio/syn/ost/osis | crani/o "skull"; syn- "together; fused"; ost/o "bone"; -osis "abnormal condition" -- abnormal condition where skull bones fuse together too early. premature fusing of the skull bones |
| bulem/ia | bulem- root "excessive hunger; ravenous appetite"; ia-suffix "condition" -- condition involving episodes of overeating |
| an/orex/ia | an- suffix "no" orex- root "appetite; desire for food"; ia- suffix "condition" --condition of lack of appetite. |
| nystagm/us | nystagm- root "nodding; involuntary movement"; -us suffix (noun ending) -- involuntary, rapid eye movement; |
| isch/emic | isch- root "restrict, hold back"; emic- suffix "pertaining to blood condition" -- blockage of blood flow to tissue |
| poly/dactyl/y | poly- prefix "many"; dactyl- root "finger or toe"; -y (noun ending) -- condition of having extra fingers or toes. |
| syn/dactyl/y | syn- prefix "together; fused"; dactyl- root "finger or toe"; -y (noun ending) -- condition of fused or webbed fingers or toes. |
| prur/itis | prur- root "scratchy; itchy"; -itis suffix "inflammation" -- itchy rash |
| alopec/ia | alopec- root "baldness; hair loss"; -ia suffix "condition" -- hair loss |
| osteo/necr/osis | osteo- root "bone"; necro- root "death"; -osis suffix "abnormal condition" -- death of bone tissue. |
| spondylo/malacia | spondylo- root "vertebra; spine"; -malacia suffix "abnormal softening" -- abnormal softening of the vertebra/spine. |
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