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WEEK 18:
Lung pathology - Restrictive Lung Disease:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| restrictive lung disease types (2) | acute and chronic |
| acute restrictive lung disease | ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) |
| chronic restrictive lung disease (2) | pulmonary fibrosis (sarcoidosis) + pneumoconioses |
| pneumoconiosis | group of fibrosing diseases resulting from exposure of toxic particles usually from work over time even after exposures stopped eg asbestos or coal dust |
| what can pleura be affected by (3) | infection, effusion, and tumour |
| infection pathology of pleura | pleurisy leading to sharp pain when breathing deeply, coughing, sneezing, and a dry sound on auscultation on one side |
| effusion/ tumour pathology of pleura | transudate/ exudate in pleural cavity, or a local tumour invasion or metastases from lung/ breast carcinomas via lymphatics |
| pleural effusion causes (5) | pneumonia, cancer, congestive heart failure, kidney disease, and liver disease |
| symptoms of pleural effusion (4) | SOB, chest pain when breathing deeply, fever and cough |
| treatment for pleural effusion | antibiotics or chest drain |
| restrictive lung disease | group of disorders affecting lung connective tissue leading to damage of pneumocytes and capillaries which affect gas exchange and result in hypoxia |
| how does fibrosis lead to decreased compliance | inflammation of alveolar walls activate inflammatory cells which damage pneumocytes which causes proliferation of type II pneumocytes. These attract more macrophages which secrete fibroblasts. Fibroblasts lay down collagen |
| immune response in pneumoconioses is stimulated by | particles/ macrophages travelling in lymphatics |
| what do lesions in lungs due to penumoconioses look like | lesions consist of nodules with particles and macrophages and dense collagen |