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NEUR Exam 1

Human are special and therefore distinct from other animals: Rate 1 (disagree) - 3 (both agree and disagree) - 5 (strongly agree); Rating for a Mentalist? WHY? Rating: 5 (strongly agree); We are special bc of our non-physical souls and minds
Human are special and therefore distinct from other animals: Rate 1 (disagree) - 3 (both agree and disagree) - 5 (strongly agree); Rating for a Dualist? WHY? Rating: 3 (both); While we are like animals, our soul/mind separates us from them.
Human are special and therefore distinct from other animals: Rate 1 (disagree) - 3 (both agree and disagree) - 5 (strongly agree); Rating for a Materialist? WHY? Rating: 1 (strongly disagree); We are highly evolved, but like all other forms of life you are simply a biological machine.
Ancient Incas used a procedure called "trepanning" in order to treat many brain disorders such as headache, seizure, brain infection, and mental disease. What is "trepanning"? Trepanning: drilling holes in skull to release pressure
Who were the 1st to treat mental illnesses and injuries using occupational, talk, and drug therapies (the pt of the world where the first mental hospitals was built)? These treatments were employed in the 8th ct in this pt of the world. Arabs/Middle Easterners
Our 1st NIS reading suggests that Ketamine can be used to ... Treat depression
Which is one of the functions of the PNS? There may be multiple answers. Muscle control + Sensory Acquisition
Which is one of the functions of the CNS? There may be multiple answers. Processing info + Learning/adapting
What would control the muscle movements of your diaphragm? (... NS) Autonomic nervous system (NS)
Motor output leaves the spinal cord via (afferent/efferent) nerves on the (dorsal/ventral) side and sensory input enters the spinal cord via (afferent/efferent) nerves on the (dorsal/ventral) side. efferent; ventral; afferent; dorsal
Explain the spinal reflex circuit. How does the signal/info traverse the spinal cord. 1. Sensory info (from PNS, afferent) goes up to brain 2. Synaptic connection happen in the gray matter --> causes movement that is either voluntary or involuntary (immediate) reflex 3. Motor info (from CNS, efferent) goes down from brain
Give an example of an action controlled by a spinal reflex Kicking the doctor when they hammer ur knee
Name 1 of the 3 pioneers of DBS research from the 1950's & 1960's Jose M.R. Delgado
These researchers were questioning if DBS could be used to control akrasias. What does akrasia mean? Akrasia: unwanted behavior that goes against one's better judgment (knowing better but doing it anyway)
Give an example of an akrasia that you suffer from Procrastinating instead of studying
Simple animals such as sea anemones and corals do not have a NS exactly like ours. For example, they do not have a brain. Instead their NS is arranged in a diffuse pattern evenly all over their bodies. This is called... Nerve net
One of the major evolutionary hurdles on the path toward the evolution of human brains was the evolution of segmentation. This is found in animals as diverse as worms, insects, mice, and even us! What does segmentation mean? Segmentation: the body is divided into sections, and each section controls a specific body pt or function
Chordates all have true brains. This organ is so important for survival that chordates have protected it by encasing it in protective layers. List each of the protective layers of the CNS in order starting from the outermost layer to the innermost layer. 1. Skull (outermost layer) 2. Dura mater 3. Arachnoid mater 4. Pia mater (innermost layer)
A hominid is a "human-like" upright ape. Give the name of any one species of hominid, living, or extinct. Are modern humans direct descendants of the species you listed or not? Neanderthals. Yes, we are descendants
Do humans have relatively more or less Motor Cortex than other animals? Less
Do humans have relatively more or less Sensory Cortex than other animals? Less
Do humans have relatively more or less Association Cortex than other animals? More
"... , your memories and your ambitions, your sense of personal identity and free will, are in fact no more that the behavior of a vast assembly of nerve cells and their associated molecules" Crick ; Which approach to brain/behavior does Crick fit into? Materialist
Would Rene Descartes completely agree with this statement, completely disagree with this statement, or both agree and disagree with this statement. Why? Descartes would disagree with Crick bc he believed the mind and body are separate. For Descartes, thoughts, memories, etc, come from the mind (soul), not just the brain. Descartes argued the mind cannot be reduced to nerve cells and molecules.
Created by: ms24
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