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WEEK 16:
'Introduction to the respiratory system' -SELF DIRECTED :(
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pharynx | passageway for respiration + digestive systems |
| larynx | voice box which maintains open airway |
| trachea | transport air from pharynx to bronchi |
| 3 steps of respiration | pulmonary ventilation, pulmonary respiration, and tissue respiration |
| pulmonary ventilation | movement of air in and out of lungs |
| pulmonary respiration | gas exchange between alveoli and blood capillaries |
| tissue respiration | gas exchange between blood and tissue |
| respiration is dependent on what (4) | volume, pressure, temperature, and motion |
| what is respiration influenced by | gas laws |
| kinetic theory of gases | describes relationship between pressure and motion (more frequent collision increases pressure) |
| explain the clinical importance of the kinetic theory of gases and the atmospheric pressure | inhalation creates low pressure in lungs compared to atmosphere creating a gradient forcing air out along the gradient (exhalation) |
| Boyles law | pressure is inversely proportional to volume at a constant pressure |
| explain the difference between atmospheric pressure of O2 and pressure of O2 in the lungs due to water vapour | air inhaled becomes saturated by water vapour in the upper airways which decreases the pressure |
| atmospheric pressure of O2 | 21.2 kPa |
| pressure of O2 in lungs | 19.9 kPa |
| what is the partial pressure of saturated water vapour pressure at 37 degrees celsius | 47 mmHg (6.3kPa) |
| 1 kPa is equal to what | 7.50 mmHg |
| 101.3 kPa is equal to what | 760 mmHg |
| units preferred in pressure | kPa |
| Dalton's law of partial pressure | in a mixture, the pressure exerted by a gas is not affected (independent) to other gases present |
| CO2 partial pressure | 0.04 kPa |
| N2 partial pressure | 79 kPa |
| partial pressure formula for dry partial pressure of inspired O2 | dry PIO2 (dry partial pressure of inspired oxygen) = FIO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) x Pb (barometric pressure - atmosphere) |
| FIO2 in dry condition | 0.21 |
| Pb | 760 |
| partial pressure formula for moist partial pressure of inspired O2 | FIO2 x (Pb - SVP at 37 degrees celsius) |
| physiological movements during inspiration | rib cage expands, lungs stretch, diaphragm goes down, and alveolar pressure decreases to draw air into lungs |
| physiological movements during expiration | rib cage contracts, lungs contract, diaphragm goes up, and alveoli pressure increases to push air out |
| pulmonary ventilation rate (PVR) formula | respiration rate x tidal volume (TV) |
| PVR at rest | 12 breaths (respiration rate) x 0.5 L (TV) = 6l/min |
| PVR during exercise | can reach 120 L/min |
| alveolar ventilation rate (AVR) | actual amount of air that reaches alveoli (some might not be used because of compromised alveoli) |
| how do you calculate the AVR | include 'wasted' ventilation (dead spaces) |
| serial (anatomical) dead space | volume of conducting airways (0.15L) |
| distributive dead space | parts of lungs that are not airways but do not support gas exchange (0.02L) eg damaged alveoli or alveoli with poor perfusion |
| physiological dead space | serial dead space + distributive dead space (0.17L) |
| how much serial (anatomical) dead space | 0.15L |
| how much distributive dead space | 0.02L |
| how much physiological dead space | 0.17L |
| dead space ventilation rate formula | physiological dead space x respiration rate |
| AVR formula | PVR - dead space ventilation rate |
| why is rapid shallow breathing bad | dead space is ventilated instead of alveoli |
| what is dead space | areas where air is present but does not participate in gas exchange eg trachea |
Created by:
kablooey
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