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History Review
Everything you need to know for Test 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Renaissance | Growth in education and arts in the beginning of the 14th century; meaning "rebirth" |
| Reformation | Time where many people rebelled against corruption of the Roman Catholic Church |
| Humanism | focused on the individual and their capacities; glorified man instead of glorifying God |
| Humanists | Course of study that prepared people for living in the secular world |
| Patrons | People who sponsored artists and were no longer artists reliant on the Church to support their art |
| Anabaptist | got the name from the words "baptize again" ; refused to baptize infants |
| Anglican Church | changed Cranmer's 42 articles to 39 articles and took it as their creed |
| Spanish Armada | fleet of 130 ships packed with troops to invade England |
| Puritans | wished to "purify" the church |
| Separatists | those who removed themselves from the church |
| Huguenots | protestants in France; were heavily influenced by the works and writings of Luther and Calvin |
| Counter-Reformation | pushed the Roman Catholic Church to pass reforms |
| Jesuits | took a special bow of absolute obedience to the pope |
| Medici family/Lorenzo de Medici | most famous of the Renaissance patrons; used their wealth to sponsor artists working in painting, sculpture, and architecture |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | one of the most influential writers of the Renaissance |
| Desiderius Erasmus | known as the "Prince of the Humanists" |
| Sir Thomas More | took greater interest in social and political matter than religious; his work is Utopia |
| Miguel de Cervantes | foremost Spanish writer of the Renaissance; his book is Don Quixote |
| Leonardo da Vinci | displayed a wide range of interests; known for the Last Supper |
| Michelangelo | painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel |
| Hans Holbein | known as the finest portrait painter of the northern Renaissance |
| Lorenzo Ghiberti | won a contest and constructed ten-panel doors depicting scenes from the Old Testament |
| Filippo Brunelleschi | chosen to build a dome for the church in Florence which eventually led to the pattern for all Renaissance domes |
| John Wycliffe | "Morning Star of the Reformation"; thought that every person should know the Bible |
| John Huss | taught and defended the teachings of Wycliffe as heresy and persecuted many of his followers |
| Martin Luther | major figure of the Reformation; nailed the 95 Theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg |
| Pope Leo X | condemned Luther to his writings; called the Diet of Worms |
| Johann Tetzel | sold indulgences near Luther's church in Wittenberg |
| Charles V | summoned Luther to the city of Worms; issued an edict declaring Luther an outlaw of the empire |
| Philip Melancthon | close friend and coworker of Luther; drew up the Augsburg Confession which set forth the doctrines of Luther |
| Ulrich Zwingli | was exposed to Luther's writings and became convinced that salvation was only by grace through faith |
| John Calvin | wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion which taught Christians how to live godly lives |
| Henry VIII | called "Defender of the Faith" by the pope because he branded Luther a heretic |
| Thomas Cranmer | wrote the Book of Common Prayer which was used in the Church of England; granted the annulment of Henry's marriage |
| Edward VI | made Protestant gains in England |
| Mary I ("Bloody Mary") | pushed Protestant gains back; made the execution of 300 people to be persecuted |
| Elizabeth I ("Good Queen Bees") | the most loved and respected by her people; her reign is known as one of the greatest periods in English history |
| Philip II | attacked England with the Spanish Armada; strongly disliked by the Protestant subjects |
| John Knox | leader of the Reformation in Scotland; established the Presbyterian Church in Scotland |
| Catherine de Medici | had actual control behind the throne of the king of France; organized the plot to massacre Protestants in Paris |
| Henry of Navarre | head of the Bourbon family; took throne of France; leader of the Huguenots |
| The Prince | Niccolo Machiavelli |
| In Praise of Folly | Desiderius Erasmus |
| Utopia | Sir Thomas More |
| Don Quixote | Miguel de Cervantes |
| The Last Supper | Leonardo da Vinci |
| "Vitruvius Man" | Leonardo da Vinci |
| Sistine Chapel | Michelangelo |
| 95 Theses (include date) | October 31, 1517; list of issues that was nailed to the door of the church in Wittenberg by Martin Luther |
| Leipzig | location of a major debate between between Martin Luther and Johann Eck; resulted in Luther being renounced as a heretic |
| "A Mighty Fortress is Our God" | hymn written by Martin Luther that is still used in churches today |
| Institutes of the Christian Religion (include the two purposes for writing) | book written by John Calvin; taught Christians how to live godly lives and taught people how to defend the teachings of the Reformation |
| Act of Supremacy | law by Henry that was passed by Parliament which made the king the "supreme head" of the Church of England |
| Book of Common Prayer | book written by Thomas Cranmer; contains Bible readings and prayers for special occasions; recommends orders of worship for different church services |
| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre | day of one of the bloodiest acts of persecution that happened in France |
| Edict of Nantes | edict passed by Henry IV; granted significant religious freedom to the Huguenots |
| Index of Prohibited Books | collection of books established by the Roman Catholic Church; condemned 48 allegedly heretic editions or versions of the Bible |
| Council of Trent | a council called by Pope Paul III discussing and establishing the doctrinal positions of the Roman Catholic Church |
| William Shakespeare | greatest playwright of all time; known for Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear |
| Spiritual Excercises | written by Ignatius; used by the Jesuits during their two-year training |
Created by:
Adilyn B
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