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MED SURGE SIR DUNCS
MED SURGE DIGESTIVE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Upper GI | Aids in ingestion and digestion |
| Lower GI | Digestion, absorption, elimination |
| Small & large intestine function | Absorption and elimination |
| Enzyme in saliva | Amylase |
| Medical term for swallowing | Deglutition |
| Three salivary glands | Parotid, sublingual, submandibular |
| Converts starch to maltose (sugar) | |
| Bolus | Food mixed with saliva |
| Chyme | Food mixed with gastric juices |
| Esophagus description | Hollow, muscular tube, ~10 inches long |
| Three phases of swallowing | Voluntary, pharyngeal, esophageal |
| Cranial nerves for swallowing | CN IX (glossopharyngeal) & CN X (vagus) |
| Parasympathetic effect on stomach | Increases gastric activity |
| Three stomach regions | Fundus, body, antrum |
| Two stomach sphincters | Cardiac & pyloric |
| Rugae function | Allow stomach expansion (50–1500 mL) |
| Chief cells function | Secrete digestive enzymes |
| Parietal cells function | Secrete HCl, water, intrinsic factor |
| Intrinsic factor purpose | Vitamin B12 absorption |
| Normal gastric pH | 0.9–1.5 |
| Daily gastric secretions | 2–2.5 liters/day |
| Gallbladder capacity | ~50 mL |
| Gallbladder function | Stores & concentrates bile |
| Bile function | Emulsifies fats for lipase action |
| Sphincter of Oddi location | Duodenum |
| Sphincter of Boyden location | Common bile duct |
| Pancreas exocrine function | Digestive enzymes (acinar cells) |
| Pancreas endocrine function | Hormones (Islets of Langerhans) |
| Small intestine enzymes | Maltase, lactase, sucrase, peptidases, lipase |
| Large intestine function | Absorbs water & electrolytes; stores feces |
| Order of abdominal exam | Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation |
| Inspection checks | Bulges, masses, hernias, ascites, spider nevi |
| Auscultation start point | Right lower quadrant (RLQ) |
| Normal bowel sound frequency | Every 5–15 seconds |
| Hypoactive bowel sounds | Decreased intestinal movement |
| Hyperactive bowel sounds | Increased intestinal movement |
| Borborygmi sound | High-pitched rushing/tinkling |
| Absent bowel sounds significance | Ominous finding |
| Abdominal bruit sound | Whooshing |
| Cause of abdominal bruits | Turbulent blood flow |
| Tympany | Air-filled organs (stomach/intestines) |
| Dullness | Dense organs (liver, heart) |
| Resonance | Normal lungs |
| Hyperresonance | Overinflated lungs |
| Flat | Solid tissue (muscle/bone) |
| Rule during palpation | Assess painful area LAST |
| Visceral pain description | Dull, crampy, poorly localized |
| Parietal pain description | Intense, constant, localized |
| Parietal pain indicates | Peritoneal inflammation (emergency) |
| Referred pain | Pain felt in distant area via shared nerves |
| Appendicitis referred pain | Umbilical (early) |
| Gallbladder referred pain | Right upper scapula |
| Pancreatitis referred pain | Mid-back |
| Iliopsoas test positive sign | RLQ pain on leg lift |
| Obturator test positive sign | RLQ pain on leg rotation |
| Blumberg sign | Pain on release (rebound tenderness) |
| Fecal occult blood test | Detects hidden blood in stool |
| Stool culture | Identifies infectious bacteria |
| Breath test uses | H. pylori, lactose intolerance |
| CT scan use | Detailed organ imaging |
| Lower GI series | Examines large intestine |
| Barium swallow | Assesses esophagus & stomach |
| Gastric emptying scan | Measures stomach emptying time |
| Ultrasound use | Views organs & blood flow |
| Colonoscopy insertion site | Anus |
| Sigmoidoscopy insertion site | Anus |
| EGD insertion site | Mouth |
| Capsule endoscopy | Swallowed camera for small intestine |
| Anorectal manometry | Measures anal & rectal muscle strength |
| Esophageal manometry | Measures esophageal muscle function |
| Esophageal pH monitoring | Evaluates GERD |
| Enzyme in saliva | Amylase |
| Medical term for swallowing | Deglutition |
| Three salivary glands | Parotid, sublingual, submandibular |
| Ptyalin function | Converts starch to maltose (sugar) |
| Bolus | Food mixed with saliva |
| Chyme | Food mixed with gastric juice |
| Esophagus description | Hollow, muscular tube, ~10 inches long |
| Three phases of swallowing | Voluntary, pharyngeal, esophageal |
| Cranial nerves for swallowing | CN IX (glossopharyngeal) & CN X (vagus) |
| Parasympathetic effect on stomach | Increases gastric activity |
| Three stomach regions | Fundus, body, antrum |
| Two stomach sphincters | Cardiac & pyloric |
| Rugae function | Allow stomach expansion (50–1500 mL) |
| Chief cells function | Secrete digestive enzymes |
| Parietal cells function | Secrete HCl, water, intrinsic factor |
| Intrinsic factor purpose | Vitamin B12 absorption |
| Normal gastric pH | 0.9–1.5 |
| Daily gastric secretions | 2–2.5 liters/day |
| Gallbladder capacity | ~50 mL |
| Gallbladder function | Stores & concentrates bile |
| Bile function | Emulsifies fats for lipase action |
| Sphincter of Oddi location | Duodenum |
| Sphincter of Boyden location | Common bile duct |
| Pancreas exocrine function | Digestive enzymes (acinar cells) |
| Pancreas endocrine function | Hormones (Islets of Langerhans) |
| Small intestine enzymes | Maltase, lactase, sucrase, peptidases, lipase |
| Large intestine function | Absorbs water & electrolytes; stores feces |
| Order of abdominal exam | Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation |
| Inspection checks | Bulges, masses, hernias, ascites, spider nevi |
| Auscultation start point | Right lower quadrant (RLQ) |
| Normal bowel sound frequency | Every 5–15 seconds |
| Hypoactive bowel sounds | Decreased intestinal movement |
| Hyperactive bowel sounds | Increased intestinal movement |
| Borborygmi sound | High-pitched rushing/tinkling |
| Absent bowel sounds significance | Ominous finding |
| Abdominal bruit sound | Whooshing |
| Cause of abdominal bruits | Turbulent blood flow |
| Tympany | Air-filled organs (stomach/intestines) |
| Dullness | Dense organs (liver, heart) |
| Resonance | Normal lungs |
| Hyperresonance | Overinflated lungs |
| Flat | Solid tissue (muscle/bone) |
| Rule during palpation | Assess painful area LAST |
| Visceral pain description | Dull, crampy, poorly localized |
| Parietal pain description | Intense, constant, localized |
| Parietal pain indicates | Peritoneal inflammation (emergency) |
| Referred pain | Pain felt in distant area via shared nerves |
| Appendicitis referred pain | Umbilical (early) |
| Gallbladder referred pain | Right upper scapula |
| Pancreatitis referred pain | Mid-back |
| Iliopsoas test positive sign | RLQ pain on leg lift |
| Obturator test positive sign | RLQ pain on leg rotation |
| Blumberg sign | Pain on release (rebound tenderness) |
| Fecal occult blood test | Detects hidden blood in stool |
| Stool culture | Identifies infectious bacteria |
| Breath test uses | H. pylori, lactose intolerance |
| CT scan use | Detailed organ imaging |
| Lower GI series | Examines large intestine |
| Barium swallow | Assesses esophagus & stomach |
| Gastric emptying scan | Measures stomach emptying time |
| Ultrasound use | Views organs & blood flow |
| Colonoscopy insertion site | Anus |
| Sigmoidoscopy insertion site | Anus |
| EGD insertion site | Mouth |
| Capsule endoscopy | Swallowed camera for small intestine |
| Anorectal manometry | Measures anal & rectal muscle strength |
| Esophageal manometry | Measures esophageal muscle function |
| Esophageal pH monitoring | Evaluates GERD |
Created by:
Jon Anderson
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