— The largest hot desert in the world, located in North Africa. It has huge sand dunes, very little rainfall, and plants and animals adapted to dry conditions.

— A family or social system where a person’s ancestry, inheritance, or clan membership is traced through the mother’s side of the family.

— A belief system in which people think that animals, plants, rocks, rivers, and other parts of nature have spirits or a spiritual life.

— A region in East Africa that sticks out into the Indian Ocean; it includes countries like Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti.

— Large grassy plains with scattered trees found in warm regions. Savannas often have a wet season and a dry season and support animals like elephants and zebras.

— The connections between people based on blood, marriage, or adoption that form family relationships and obligations.

— When people or groups focus on doing one kind of job or producing one kind of good very well (for example, pottery, farming, or metalworking).

— A family group that includes parents, children, and other relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins living nearby or in the same household.

— A family or social system where a person’s ancestry, inheritance, or clan membership is traced through the father’s side of the family.

— The longest river in Africa (and one of the longest in the world). It flows north through northeastern Africa and was very important for ancient civilizations like Egypt.

— A rocky headland on the southern tip of Africa. Historically, it was an important landmark for sailors traveling between Europe and Asia by sea.

— Dense forests found in wet tropical regions with many different plants and animals. They receive a lot of rainfall and have high biodiversity.

— The movement of people or animals from one place to another, often done seasonally or to find better resources like food, water, or land.

— Stories, memories, and accounts of the past passed down by speaking from one generation to the next instead of written records.

— The highest mountain in Africa, located in Tanzania. It has snowy peaks and different climate zones from the base to the top.

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African Civilization

Term	Definition
Sahara	— The largest hot desert in the world, located in North Africa. It has huge sand dunes, very little rainfall, and plants and animals adapted to dry conditions.
Matrilineal	— A family or social system where a person’s ancestry, inheritance, or clan membership is traced through the mother’s side of the family.
Animism	— A belief system in which people think that animals, plants, rocks, rivers, and other parts of nature have spirits or a spiritual life.
Horn of Africa	— A region in East Africa that sticks out into the Indian Ocean; it includes countries like Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti.
Savannas	— Large grassy plains with scattered trees found in warm regions. Savannas often have a wet season and a dry season and support animals like elephants and zebras.
Kinship	— The connections between people based on blood, marriage, or adoption that form family relationships and obligations.
Specialization	— When people or groups focus on doing one kind of job or producing one kind of good very well (for example, pottery, farming, or metalworking).
Extended family	— A family group that includes parents, children, and other relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins living nearby or in the same household.
Patrilineal	— A family or social system where a person’s ancestry, inheritance, or clan membership is traced through the father’s side of the family.
Nile River	— The longest river in Africa (and one of the longest in the world). It flows north through northeastern Africa and was very important for ancient civilizations like Egypt.
Cape of Good Hope	— A rocky headland on the southern tip of Africa. Historically, it was an important landmark for sailors traveling between Europe and Asia by sea.
Rain forests	— Dense forests found in wet tropical regions with many different plants and animals. They receive a lot of rainfall and have high biodiversity.
Migrations	— The movement of people or animals from one place to another, often done seasonally or to find better resources like food, water, or land.
Oral history	— Stories, memories, and accounts of the past passed down by speaking from one generation to the next instead of written records.
Mount Kilimanjaro	— The highest mountain in Africa, located in Tanzania. It has snowy peaks and different climate zones from the base to the top.

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