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African Civilization
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sahara | The largest hot desert in the world, in North Africa; a place with very little rainfall, huge sand dunes, and plants and animals adapted to survive long dry periods. |
| Matrilineal | A social or family system where ancestry, inheritance, or clan membership is traced through the mother’s side of the family. |
| Animism | A belief that animals, plants, rocks, rivers, and other parts of nature have spirits or a spiritual life. |
| Horn of Africa | A region in East Africa that juts into the Indian Ocean and includes countries such as Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti. |
| Savannas | Large grassy plains with scattered trees found in warm regions; they usually have a wet season and a dry season and support animals like elephants and zebras. |
| Kinship | The web of relationships between people based on blood, marriage, or adoption that creates family roles, duties, and support. |
| Specialization | When people or groups focus on doing one kind of job or making one kind of product very well (for example, metalworking, pottery, or farming). |
| Extended family | A family group that includes not only parents and children but also other relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins who live nearby or together. |
| Patrilineal | A social or family system where ancestry, inheritance, or clan membership is traced through the father’s side of the family. |
| Nile River | A very long river in northeastern Africa that flows north; it was extremely important for ancient civilizations like Egypt because it provided water, transportation, and fertile soil. |
| Cape of Good Hope | A rocky point at the southern tip of Africa that was once an important landmark for sailors traveling by sea between Europe and Asia. |
| Rain forests | Dense, wet tropical forests with many kinds of plants and animals, receiving large amounts of rainfall and high biodiversity. |
| Migrations | Movements of people or animals from one place to another, often to find food, water, or better living conditions; migrations can be seasonal or permanent. |
| Oral history | Stories, memories, and accounts about the past that are passed down by speaking from one generation to the next instead of through |
| Mount Kilimanjaro | The highest mountain in Africa, located in Tanzania; it has snowy peaks and different climate zones from the base to the summit |