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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Medieval | Term that describes the period of western European history known as the Middle Ages |
| Middle Ages | Period of western European history between the collapse of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance |
| Feudalism | Political system of local government based on the granting of land in return for loyalty, military assistance, and other services |
| Fief | Grant of land given to a vassal from a lord |
| Vassal | Person granted land from a lord in return for services |
| Manorialism | Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates were lords and peasants shared the land |
| Serfs | Peasants who were bound to the land where they worked for a lord |
| Chivalry | Code of conduct that dictated knights' behavior towards others |
| Abbot | Head of a monastery who controlled and distributed all property |
| Heretics | People who denied the truth of the official church's principles of who preached beliefs not approved by the church |
| Tithe | Church tax collected from Christians in early times that represented one tenth of their income; later became a gift to the church representing one tenth of a person's income |
| Common Law | Law based upon customs and judges' decisions rather than upon written codes |
| Magna Carta | Great Charter, English document that made law the supreme power and became a cornerstone of constitutional government |
| Crusades | A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia |
| Pilgrimage | A journey to a sacred place |