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Fall Benchmark
Social Studies Benchmark TN Standards 6.01 - 6.19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nirvana | The state of enlightenment for Buddhists. Perfect peace. |
| Eight Fold Path | Eight steps to end suffering and reach enlightenment or Nirvana according to Buddhist tradition. |
| Aryans | A group of people that migrate to India mix with the descendants of the Indus Valley people to create a new culture in India. |
| Buddhism | A religion developed in ancient India by the religious teacher Siddhartha Gautama as a way to end suffering. |
| Reincarnation | In Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding |
| Caste system | Social class system of India |
| The Vedas | Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism. |
| The mountain range that makes up the northeastern border of India is | Himalayas |
| The group of people in ancient India who are not even considered part of the Caste system are known as | The Untouchables |
| Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were cities located along the | Indus River |
| Buildings in Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were built with what materials? | bricks |
| Ancient India's mathematicians came up with the idea of | zero |
| Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu are all | Hindu gods |
| Which two religions were developed in ancient India? | Buddhism and Hinduism |
| Buddhist believers must follow the ______________ to reach nirvana. | Eight Fold Path |
| Which religion supports the caste system? | Hinduism |
| The major river located in northwestern India is | The Indus River |
| Hinduism supports India's social structure known as the | Caste System |
| Which of the following is NOT a belief of Hinduism? | Four Noble Truths |
| Hinduism was founded in | Ancient India |
| Buddhism is a religion created to end | suffering |
| The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were designed using | a grid system |
| The founder of Buddhism is | Siddhartha Gautama |
| What was a benefit of having sanitation and sewer systems in ancient India? | keeping the streets clean |
| The group that migrated into India bringing with them the Sanskrit language and their own religion was | The Aryans |
| Which religion has its origins (beginnings) in Aryan traditions? | Hinduism |
| According to Buddhism, the escape from reincarnation is | nirvana |
| Hindu-Arabic numerals came from | Ancient India |
| The sacred text of Buddhism is | Tripitaka |
| Harappan Civilization | The first civilization that developed in Ancient India |
| The Aryans migrated into India and settled along the river located in eastern India known as the | Ganges River |
| Tripitaka | Sacred text of Buddhism; including teachings of Buddha. |
| Monsoon winds | A seasonal wind that brought wet and dry seasons to India |
| Moksha | Becoming free from the cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism. |
| Dharma | A person's duty and role in society |
| Four Noble Truths | as taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism |
| Hinduism | A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms |
| Siddhartha Gautama | The prince who is said to have founded Buddhism. |
| Sanitation systems | Systems developed to keep the streets clean |
| Karma | (Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next life |
| Buddhism was founded as a way to end suffering developed by this Indian man | Siddhartha Gautama |
| The ideas of karma and reincarnation are common to which two religions? | Hinduism and Buddhism |
| Religion, social structure, achievements(technology&writing), Political institutions(government), economy(surpluses for trade) are all characteristics of a | civilization |
| The body of water south of India is | Indian Ocean |
| The river at the base of the Himalayan Mountains and considered sacred to Hindus is | Ganges River |
| Labor specialization would not have been possible without | food surpluses |
| Permanent settlements, a barter economy, labor specialization, domestication, and food surpluses were results of the | Agricultural Revolution |
| What was the impact of India's Caste System? | It affected everyday life including who someone married, the job they did, who they ate with. |
| Ancient Egypt settled along the | Nile River |
| The Nile River flows in which direction? | North |
| The fan shaped area where the Nile River empties into the Mediterranean Sea is the | Nile Delta |
| The longest river in the world. "Gift" of freshwater to the Egyptians. | Nile River |
| The largest pyramid built in the city of Giza. | The Great Pyramid at Giza |
| Belief in a life after your death | afterlife |
| The job you do. | occupation |
| Egyptian writing system made up of a combination of pictures and sound symbols. | hieroglyphics |
| Because of their belief in the afterlife, the Egyptians preserved the body through this process | mummification |
| What is the best description of the Sphinx at Giza? | The head of a man and the body of a lion |
| The name given to the ruler of ancient Egypt | pharaoh |
| A reed plant that grows along the Nile River that the Egyptians used to make paper. | papyrus |
| The process of treating a body and removing the fluids to keep it from decomposing. | embalming |
| The spreading of ideas and ways of life from one group to another through interactions with each other | cultural diffusion |
| Ruled Egypt for over 60 years and is known for expanding their territory through conquests. | Ramses the Great |
| First female pharaoh who promoted trade throughout Egypt and brought them wealth | Hatshepsut |
| Region located south of Egypt who adopted parts of Egypt's culture. | Nubia |
| The tomb of this pharaoh was found undisturbed and taught historians about ancient Egypt | Tutankhamen |
| This Sea is to the east of Egypt and has bunny ears or snail antennae. | Red Sea |
| Which best explains why the Nile River flows north? | Where the Nile River starts is higher ground so it flows downhill which happens to be in the northern direction |
| The Egyptians believed in many gods and goddesses. They were | polytheistic |
| The pyramids were built by the Egyptians for what purpose | As tombs for the pharaohs |
| Which Egyptian leader expanded the kingdom through military conquests | Ramses the Great |
| Why did the ancient Egyptians mummify their dead? | To preserve the body for the afterlife |
| Ancient Egyptians invented this to track the flooding of the Nile River. | 365 day calendar |
| Which Egyptian ruler was known for their economic policies which expanded trade | Queen Hatshepsut |
| In Egypt's social structure | slaves were at the bottom and had to do hard work |
| Anubis, Ra, and Osiris are all examples of | Egyptian gods |
| Pharaohs were also known | god-kings |
| The discovery of Tutankhamen's tomb was important because | it helped historians understand Ancient Egypt by studying the items left in the tomb |
| Tigris and Euphrates | Two major rivers of Mesopotamia |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | One of the first Long poems ever written. |
| Irrigation system | A way of supplying fresh water to an area of farmland. |
| Cuneiform | A system of writing developed by the Sumerians around 3,000 BC, using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets. |
| Fertile Crescent | An arc (crescent) of rich farmland in Southwest Asia, between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea. |
| Ziggurat | Stepped pyramid shaped temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses. |
| Empire | a group of different territories and people united under a single ruler. |
| Hammurabi's Code | First known set of written laws developed in Mesopotamia |
| Polytheism | Belief in many gods. Poly = many |
| surplus | more than enough; extra |
| City-State | A small independent state consisting of an urban area and the surrounding farmland. |
| metallurgy | mixing and melting of metals to make things |
| Dieties | gods and goddesses |
| silt | fertile particles of soil left behind by flooding rivers |
| The mountain range east of the Fertile Crescent are | Zagros Mountains |
| What does the Greek word "Mesopotamia" mean? | Land between 2 rivers |
| Ur, Uruk, and Kish are all city-states from the first civilization of Mesopotamia known as | Sumer |
| Mesopotamian religion | explained events in nature |
| Sargon of Akkad started the world's first empire by | Conquering the city-states of Sumer and uniting them under one ruler |
| The concept of "An eye for an eye" comes from which ancient law code | Hammurabi's Code |
| The first civilization to develop in Mesopotamia was | Sumer |
| The ox pulled plow is an agricultural technique that led to | Food surplus |
| Merchants traveled in groups called | caravans |
| The people of Mesopotamia believed in many gods and goddesses which is known as being | polytheistic |
| Hammurabi's Code influenced other law codes by | Providing basic principles of justice to everyone |
| Who was at the top of the Mesopotamian Social Structure | Kings, priests, nobles |
| Cuneiform writing was developed to keep records on | clay tablets |
| Polytheistic | Belief in many gods |
| We use the G.R.A.P.E.S. strategy to describe | characteristics of a civilization |
| surplus | extra |
| domestication | the process of taming plants or animals to make them more useful to humans |
| Religion | Belief system of a group of people including gods/goddesses. |
| Achievements | success; accomplishment |
| AD or CE | anno domini "in the year of our lord" or common era |
| nomadic (nomads) | Moving continually in search of food, water, and shelter. |
| scarcity | limited quantities; not enough |
| labor specialization | the division of jobs and skills in a society |
| Economy (economics) | the wealth and resources of a society especially in terms of how goods are made and used. |
| circa (c.) | Means "about" as in c. 1850 B.C. is about or around that date |
| Which geographic feature would you need to settle near to be able to farm well | fresh water like rivers |
| Agricultural Revolution | The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering |
| goods and resources | products that are available and used |
| During the Paleolithic Age | Men hunted, women gathered |
| centuries | a period of 100 years |
| Politics | System of government; who's in charge; how are decisions made |
| Monotheistic | Belief in one God |
| How did the agricultural advancements seen in the picture affect Mesopotamia? | city-states developed and grew into a civilization |
| BC or BCE | Before Christ or Before Common Era |
| The Agricultural Revolution occurred during the | Neolithic Age |
| hunter-gatherers | people who hunted animals and gathered wild plants for food |
| decades | periods of ten years |
| Social Structure | Ranking of people in order of importance or power |
| bartering | trading goods and services without using money |
| Geography | the features of the land and how people interact with it |
| Labor specialization would not have been possible without | food surpluses |
| Permanent settlements, a barter economy, labor specialization, domestication, and food surpluses were results of the | Agricultural Revolution |
| Name the two rivers that were important to the settlement of Mesopotamia | Euphrates and Tigris |
| Religion, social structure, achievements(technology&writing), Political institutions(government), economy(surpluses for trade) are all characteristics of a | civilization |
| How did Sargon create the world's first empire in the region of the world known as Mesopotamia? | By uniting the Sumerian city-states under one ruler |
| The polytheistic religions of the ancient world | helped to explain things in the natural world |
| The ziggurat proved that in Mesopotamia | religion and worshipping of deities was an important part of everyday life |
| Hammurabi's Code was important because | It was a written law code that promoted basic principles of justice |
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