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Global / Geo 9 2
classical civilizations of Asia
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Classical Period | cultural achievements in Asia, the Mediterranean, and beyond. In Asia, key examples include the Persian Empire, the Qin and Han dynasties of China, and the Mauryan and Gupta empires of India. |
| Golden age | a period of peak prosperity, peace, and cultural or intellectual achievement. It is characterized by significant advancements in areas like art, science, and philosophy, along with political stability and economic success. |
| Indian sub-continent | separated from the rest of the continent by the Himalayan Mountains, Indus River |
| Mauryan Empire | was the first major empire to unify much of the Indian subcontinent, founded by Chandragupta Maurya. (Ashoka & Dhamma) |
| Ashoka’s early governing policies | nonviolence, religious tolerance, and welfare for all subjects. included sending missionaries to spread his ethical message across the empire. |
| Influence of Buddhism on Asoka’s rule | he converted following the Kalinga War, leading him to abandon military conquest and promote Dhamma (moral conduct) through his edicts and public works. |
| Role of the Rock and Pillar Edicts | written to spread his moral code, known as Dhamma, across the Mauryan Empire and beyond. They served as a public declaration of his principles, including non-violence, religious tolerance, and ethical conduct |
| Buddhism | like other faiths, spread along the Silk Road (example of cultural diffusion) |
| Gupta Empire | a "Golden Age" The empire, founded by Sri Gupta and significantly expanded by rulers like Chandragupta I and Samudragupta |
| Characteristics of the Gupta Empire | significant advancements in art, literature, science, and mathematics, along with political stability, economic prosperity, and cultural achievements |
| Achievements of the Gupta Empire | Key accomplishments include the invention of the decimal system and the concept of zero, the development of trigonometry, and advancements in astronomy like the theory that the Earth rotates on its axis |
| Classical China | Era of foundational philosophies like Confucianism and influential dynasties such as the Qin and Han. This era saw significant developments in governance, technology, and culture |
| Geographic Features of Classical China | Gobi and Taklamakan deserts to the north and west, and the Himalayas to the south and west. Pacific Ocean to the east,the Yellow River and the Yangtze River provided fertile land for agriculture, |
| Zhou Dynasty | Chinese dynasty that ruled for the longest period of any Chinese dynasty. Known for the rise of major philosophies like Confucianism and Daoism. |
| Mandate of Heaven | an ancient Chinese political and religious doctrine that legitimized the rule of an emperor, asserting that their power was granted by a divine force known as Heaven |
| Dynastic Cycle | a historical pattern of the rise and fall of dynasties in China, where a new dynasty is founded after an old one is overthrown, eventually leading to the new dynasty's decline and replacement |
| Feudalism | a social, economic, and political system in medieval Europe that structured society around land ownership and loyalty. when land is given to the people |
| Warring States Period | intense warfare and political fragmentation among several competing states following the decline of the Zhou Dynasty |
| Qin Dynasty | the first imperial dynasty of a unified China, established by Qin Shi Huang, who unified the warring states through military conquest. The great wall was built |
| Legalism | the strict adherence to laws or prescribed rules, often focusing on the letter rather than the spirit of the law. advocated for strict laws to control inherently selfish human behavior |
| Han Feizi as founder | the founder of Legalism, an influential school of thought in ancient China that advocated for strict laws, harsh punishments, and a strong central authority to maintain social order. Believing human nature to be inherently selfish |
| Highly centralized government | a system where a single, central authority holds significant power, often limiting the autonomy of regional or local governments |
| Role of Qin Shi Huangdi | Qin Shi Huangdi's primary role was to be the first emperor of a unified China, ending the Warring States period in 221 BCE through military conquest. He established the foundation of a centralized Chinese state |
| Terra-cotta soldiers | The Terracotta Army is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang |
| Great Wall | a series of fortifications in China. They were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China |
| Standardization of China | under the Qin Dynasty, involved unifying weights, measures, currency, and the written script to facilitate trade, taxation, and governance across the empire. The creation of the early forms of government. |
| Unification of China | the state of Qin conquered all other states and established the Qin dynasty |
| Role of Legalism as a governing philosophy during the Qin dynasty | providing the framework for its unification and rule through strict laws, severe punishments, and a strong central government |
| Han Dynasty | second imperial dynasty of China and is considered a golden age in Chinese history. Due to it's significance, there are a group of people who refer to themselves as the Han people |
| Role of Confucianism as a governing philosophy during the Han dynasty | served as the official governing philosophy by establishing workers that knew well about confucianism, and made way to a less rigid social hierarchy and government. |
| Han Dynasty Innovations | Civil Service Exam - paper - silk |
| The Silk road | It was not a single road but a complex system of interconnected paths that allowed for the movement of luxury items like silk, spices, and paper, as well as the spread of religions and technologies. |
| Religions spread on the silk road | Christianity, Buddhism, Islam (main ones) Judaism |
Created by:
adjatoure
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