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WEEK 6:
Cardiac Muscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| compare the mortality from cardiovascular disease in men + women | |
| MI | |
| infarct | zone of ischaemic dead/dying tissues caused by acute obstruction of coronary artery- has a loss of staining due to leakage of intracellular enzymes |
| cardiac output (CO) formula | CO = HR X SV |
| how is cardiac output increased | through increased heart rate and/or increase stroke volume |
| HR | heart rate (beats/min) |
| CO | cardiac output (L/min) |
| SV | stroke volume (L/beat) |
| structure of cardiac muscle | |
| connexins | |
| gap junctions | |
| striations | |
| intercalated disc | |
| ole of ATP in cross-bridge cycle (5) | (1- ATP-> ADP + Pi used to 'cock' myosin head) (2- myosin bind to actin + release Pi) (3- pulling on actin by myosin + release ADP) (4- myosin head in rigor) (5- more ATP need to detach head) repeat |
| ATP from oxidation of fatty acids | |
| ATP from oxidation of glucose | |
| ATP from other sources eg glycolysis of ketones | |
| compare cardiac + skeletal muscles | |
| relationship between AP + twitch contractions/tetanus in skeletal muscle | desirable- can happen because AP lasts shorter than twitch contraction |
| relationship between AP + twitch contractions/tetanus in cardiac muscle | undesirable -cannot happen because AP lasts longer than twitch contraction |
| link between electrical activity + contraction (Ca2+) graph | increases, plateaus, decreases |
| explain the increase in the graph of electrical activity | |
| explain the plateau in the graph of electrical activity | |
| explain the decrease in the graph of electrical activity | |
| excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle cells | |
| difference in cardiac + skeletal in terms of Ca2+ | cardiac needs extracellular Ca2+ but skeletal does not for contraction |
| cardiac muscle v skeletal muscle T tubules and SR | skeletal muscles have thin T tubules with extensive SR (triads), but cardiac muscles has thick T tubules with limited SR (diads) |
| CICR in words | calcium induced calcium release |
| CIRCR | |
| long axis | |
| short axis | |
| drugs affecting cardiac muscle cells' ability to regulate calcium | verapamil + digoxin |
| verapamil | negative inotrope- L type calcium channel blocker used to treat angina |
| digoxin | positive inotrope, narrow therapeutic window + poor side effects, reduces extrusion (leaving) of Ca2+ in cardiac muscle allowing more to be stored + released |
Created by:
kablooey
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