A major Islamic port Kingdom in Malaysia, serving as a pivotal center for trade and religion.

A Venetian merchant and explorer whose 13th-century travels through Asia (China) provided Europeans with a firsthand look at the continent and sparked interest in Asian trade.

Practitioners of Sufism, a version of Islam focused on a personal, direct experience of God through spiritual practices.

A severe and often fatal disease that is mainly transmitted by fleas and had huge outbreaks throughout Asia and Europe in the 14th century.

The founder of the Ming Dynasty.

A Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled after the collapse of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, notable for its cultural and economic achievements and maritime voyages.

The 2nd emperor of the Ming Dynasty and a key figure in the maritime expeditions led by Zheng He.

A Chinese explorer and diplomat who led seven significant voyages across the Indian Ocean in the early 15th century, demonstrating Ming China's power and reach.

A bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history.

The Hundred Years War

A series of intermittent conflicts from 1337 to 1453 between the kingdoms of England and France, fought primarily over territorial rights and control of the French throne.

An Italian explorer funded by Spain whose 1492 voyage across the Atlantic started the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas, initiating profound and often devastating cultural exchanges.

A European cultural movement spanning roughly the 14th to 17th centuries that was characterized by a "rebirth" of classical learning and philosophy, leading to major innovations in art, science, and a new emphasis on humanism.

An intellectual movement centered on the revival of classical literature and philosophy to foster human potential and virtue, shifting focus from medieval scholasticism to human experience.

Prince Henry the Navigator

A Portuguese nobleman who sponsored, planned, and funded numerous expeditions along the west coast of Africa and the Atlantic, advancing navigation technology and laying the groundwork for Portugal's colonial empire.

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Unit 2 AP World

Chapters 9 through 15 of the AP World textbook major key terms

Term	Definition
Melaka	A major Islamic port Kingdom in Malaysia, serving as a pivotal center for trade and religion.
Marco Polo	A Venetian merchant and explorer whose 13th-century travels through Asia (China) provided Europeans with a firsthand look at the continent and sparked interest in Asian trade.
Sufis	Practitioners of Sufism, a version of Islam focused on a personal, direct experience of God through spiritual practices.
Bubonic Plague	A severe and often fatal disease that is mainly transmitted by fleas and had huge outbreaks throughout Asia and Europe in the 14th century.
Emperor Hongwu	The founder of the Ming Dynasty.
The Ming Dynasty	A Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled after the collapse of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, notable for its cultural and economic achievements and maritime voyages.
Yongle	The 2nd emperor of the Ming Dynasty and a key figure in the maritime expeditions led by Zheng He.
Zheng He	A Chinese explorer and diplomat who led seven significant voyages across the Indian Ocean in the early 15th century, demonstrating Ming China's power and reach.
The Black Death	A bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history.
The Hundred Years War	A series of intermittent conflicts from 1337 to 1453 between the kingdoms of England and France, fought primarily over territorial rights and control of the French throne.
Christopher Columbus	An Italian explorer funded by Spain whose 1492 voyage across the Atlantic started the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas, initiating profound and often devastating cultural exchanges.
The Renaissance	A European cultural movement spanning roughly the 14th to 17th centuries that was characterized by a "rebirth" of classical learning and philosophy, leading to major innovations in art, science, and a new emphasis on humanism.
Humanism	An intellectual movement centered on the revival of classical literature and philosophy to foster human potential and virtue, shifting focus from medieval scholasticism to human experience.
Prince Henry the Navigator	A Portuguese nobleman who sponsored, planned, and funded numerous expeditions along the west coast of Africa and the Atlantic, advancing navigation technology and laying the groundwork for Portugal's colonial empire.

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