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WEEK 4:
Building Bodies 2: Organs + Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| parenchyma | cells that perform main function in organ |
| stroma | support cells (eg connective tissue + blood vessels) in organ |
| 4 layers from inside to outside | inner lining, support, muscle layers, outer wrapping |
| inner lining | epithelium + basement membrane + thin layer of connective tissue (for mechanical support + nutrition) + mucosa |
| support layer | connective tissue (biggest layer) + submucosa |
| outer wrapping | connective tissue (in body cavities coated with single epithelium layer) |
| simple tissue | collection of similar cells |
| compound tissue | mix of cells + ECM |
| stenosis | narrowing of blood vessel |
| Virchows triad | hypercoagulability, circulatory statis, vascular damage |
| what 2 things can a thrombus do | cause critical stenosis or break off and travel in the bloodstream until it gets stuck in a smaller vessel preventing blood flow |
| causes of cell injury | physical agents, chemical + biological agents eg poison, blockage of metabolic pathways, damage/disruption membrane integrity, DNA damage/loss |
| sub lethal injury in cells | severe cell damage that doesn't "kill it" but eventually leads to cell death |
| when sub lethal injury occurs what does the cell do to recover | removal of damaged components via autophagy |
| autophagy | digestion of body's own tissues |
| if a cell cannot recover after sub lethal injury, what happens | initially loss of nucleolus + no ribosomes + swelling of all mitochondria and ER, nuclear condensation membrane blebs + holes + lysosome rupture, fragmentation of inner membranes |
| how can proteins/enzymes from dead tissue be detected in blood | must be specific + low conc |
| physiologic apoptosis | embyrological development (GI lumen), involution of hormone dependant tissues (breast), maintenance of cell number in tissues with high turnover (eg intestinal epithelium) |
| pathological apoptosis | DNA damage (eg radiation), misfolding proteins (accumulate in RER = stress), growth factor deprivation, apoptosis of lymphocytes directed against host antigens |
| example of diseases with increased apoptosis | aids, neurodegenerative diseases eg Alzeheimer's |
| example of disease with inhibited apoptosis | cancer, autoimmune disorders, viral infection |
Created by:
kablooey
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