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WEEK 1:
Intro to Public Health
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| two main transitions + population health trends | demographic + epidemiological |
| demographic transition model | relationship between industrialisation, birth + death rates, and time |
| how many stages are there in the demographic transition model | five |
| first stage in the demographic transition model | high birth + death rates = little population growth, poor healthcare = life short = people have families |
| second stage in the demographic transition model | high birth rate + low death rates = increase population, due to better healthcare |
| third stage in the demographic transition model | birth rate starts to fall + death rate falling slowly still = population growth slows because access to contraception + urbanisation + people going to work = less children |
| fourth stage in the demographic transition model | low birth + death rates = stable population as strong healthcare so life expectancy still high |
| fifth stage in the demographic transition model | low birth rates + slightly higher death rates = decreasing population + aging population |
| epidemiological transition | societies develop meaning infectious disease decline but non-communicable diseases rise shifting mortality (deaths) from younger to older age groups |
| implication of population transitions | (1- economic development eg better sanitation) (2- would assume NHS demand decreases but increases for non-communicable diseases) |
| why are prevention + population health approaches needed | (1- reduced illness + cost in long term) (2- address environmental + social determinants of health) (3- to help the public not just individuals eg vaccines + herd immunity) |
| challenges in population health approach (behaviour change = policy) | (1- asks people to do things which do not benefit them personally) (2- people do things where benefits are in long term eg not smoking so no develop lung cancer) (3- what benefits individuals may not benefit population- eg sugar tax can limit choice) |
| primary prevention | prevent occurrence |
| secondary prevention | detect + treat before symptoms develop eg screening + early diagnosis |
| tertiary prevention | already happened, limit + prevent it occurring again |
| health intelligence | analysing data + research to understand health issues in population |
| health protection | managing response to outbreaks |
| health improvement | eg develop + manage public health programmes to improve quality of life + reduce illness eg suicide prevention |
| policy | eg influence transport planning for TFL |
| global health | eg managing health response to humanitarian emergencies internationally |
Created by:
kablooey
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