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history
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Natural Law | rule or law that governs human nature |
| Social Contract | agreement by which people give up their freedom to a powerful government in order to avoid chaos |
| Natural Right | right that belongs to all humans from birth |
| Philosophe | member of a group of Enlightenment thinkers who tried to apply the methods of science to the improvement of society |
| Physiocrat | Enlightenment thinker who searched for natural laws to explain economics |
| Laissez Faire | policy allowing business to operate with little or no government interference |
| Censorship | restriction on access to ideas and information |
| Salon | informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, philosophers exchanged ideas; originated in France |
| Enlightened Despot | absolute ruler who used his or her power to bring about political and social change |
| Baroque | ornate style of art and architecture popular in the 1600s and 1700s |
| Rococo | personal, elegant style of art and architecture made popular during the mid-1700s that featured designs with the shapes of leaves, shells, and flowers |
| Constitutional Government | government whose power is defined and limited by law |
| Cabinet | parliamentary advisors to the king who originally met in a small room, or "cabinet" |
| Prime Minister | head of the in a parliamentary government; usually the leader of the largest party in the legislature |
| Oligarchy | government in which ruling power belongs to a few people |
| Popular Sovereignty | all government power comes from the people |
| Loyalist | colonist who sided with Britain during the American Revolution |
| Federal Republic | government in which power is divided between the national, or federal, government and the states |
| Bourgeoisie | the middle class |
| Deficit Spending | situation in which a government spends more money than it takes in |
| Faction | small group |
| Emigre | person who flees his or her country for political reasons |
| Republic | system of government in which officials are chosen by the people |
| Suffrage | right to vote |
| Nationalism | a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country |
| Secular | having to do with worldly, rather than religious matters |
| Plebiscite | ballot in which voters have a direct say on an issue |
| Annex | add a territory to an existing state or country |
| Blockade | the shutting of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out |
| Guerilla Warfare | fighting carried on through hit-and-run raids |
| Abdicate | to give up a high office |
| Legitimacy | principle by which monarchies that had been unseated by the French Revolution or Napoleon were restored |
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