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WEEK 1:

Intro to Pathology:

QuestionAnswer
congenital present from birth
congenital - genetic inherited (CF) or spontaneous (down syndrome)
congenital - non-genetic environmental or accidental (cerebral palsy due to hypoxia at birth)
inflammation acute (sudden and temporary) + chronic (prolonged + persistent)
growth disorders neoplastic (abnormal growth of cells = malignant- eg lung cancer) + non-neoplastic (abnormal growth of cells non invasive- eg BPH)
injury/ disordered repairs kinetic energy (fracture) + chemical (aspirin induced gastric ulcers)
hemodynamic (flow of blood) shock (haemorrhagic- blood escapes ruptured blood vessel) + occlusive lesions (narrowing/blockage in blood vessels)
disordered immunity immunodeficiency (AIDS) + autoimmune (gravis thyroiditis)
metabolic and degenerative diabetes + osteoarthritis
systemic pathology study of diseases affecting specific organ systems
symptom complain reported by patient
sign objective evidence of disease
diagnosis naming disease to allow treatment
prognosis anticipated course of disease (cure, remission, or fate of the patient)
idiopathic unknown/uncertain cause
iatrogenic condition caused by medical examination/ treatment
natural history patterns of disease
etiologic factor cause + origin
pathogenesis disease mechanism
sequelae effects of disease
hypertrophy increase cell size, can be physiologic (normal + adaptive eg response to weightlifting) or pathologic (abnormal), no new cells, cells don't divide
hyperplasia increase cell number
atrophy loss of cell substance = reduce cell size, reduced function but alive
involution reduced number of functioning cells due to reduced functional demand, usually by programmed apoptosis
metaplasia change in type of cell, survival mechanism in response to injury eg smoking, specialised function lost, reversible
neoplasia uncontrolled + abnormal cell growth, permanent even after causing stimulus removed
Created by: kablooey
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