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WEEK 1:
Intro to Cells, Tissues + Organs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cytoskeleton | 3 types of protein filaments extending through cell cytoplasm |
| microfilaments (5) | thinnest, made of actin, structural support, muscle contraction, cell movement |
| intermediate filaments (3) | thicker than microfilaments, made of keratin + vimentin + laminin, stability + strength helps it withstand mechanical stress |
| microtubules (6) | largest, made of tubulin, structural framework, cell division, intracellular transport of organelles + vesicles, maintains cell shape |
| smallest- largest microtubules | microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules |
| cell junctions | specialised cell-cell contacts |
| gap junctions | intracellular transport |
| tight junctions | cells linked closely to make barrier |
| adherens junctions | link actin cytoskeleton of adjacent cells via cadherins |
| desmosomes | link intermediate filaments of adjacent cells via cadherins |
| hemidesmosomes | link intermediate filaments of cells to basal lamina/ ECM |
| cadherins | transmembrane proteins |
| order of cell junctions in epithelial sheets | tight junction, adherens junction, desmosome, gap junction, hemidesmosome |
| types of apical specialisations | microvilli, cilia, stereocilia, flagella |
| microvilli (5) | cytoplasmic projections made of calmodulin (link IMF to membrane), actin microfilaments made of fimbrin + villin, fodrin (link IMF to terminal web) |
| stereocilia | long + immobile parallel microfilaments connected by a-actinin |
| kinocilia | mobile cytoplasmic protrusion found outside cells |
| cilia structure | made of basal body, transitional part, free part, terminal part |
| primary cilia | '9+0' microtubule axoneme and basal body complex |
| motile cilia | '9+2' microtubule axoneme and basal body complex containing dynein arms (movement) and radial spoke (regulate motility + motion) |
| cilia movement | rapid bending followed by gradual straightening when adjacent pairs of microtubules join temporarily via dynein arms and then disconnect |
| flagella | motile processes covered by cell membrane with '9+2' axoneme |
| cilia transition part | Y links which connect proximal axoneme to ciliary membrane |
| 3 types of tissue | ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm |
| endoderm | inner layer made during embryonic development, developing into epithelial linings |
| mesoderm | middle layer making bones, muscles, cartilage, CT, blood cells, circulatory and lymphatic systems and many internal organs eg kidneys + spleen |
| ectoderm | outer layer making nervous system, skin layers, hair and CNS |
| basic tissue types | epithelia, connective tissues, muscular tissues, nervous tissues |
| epithelia | closely-packed cells covering organ surfaces made from any of the germ layers |
| connective tissues | made of cells derived from mesoderm and produce ECM of fibres + ground substance |
| muscular tissues | made of cells derived from mesoderm and cells with contractile filaments (actin + myosin) in their cytoplasm |
| nervous tissues | cells derived from neuro-ectoderm (neurectoderm) and cells that have neurites (axons + dendrites) to conduct impulses when stimulated |
| cilia transition fibres | connect distal basal body to ciliary membrane |
| ciliary gate function of cilia is controlled by what | transition zone and transition fibres |
| difference between flagella and cilia movement | flagella are for cell movement and cilia move substances along cell surface |
Created by:
kablooey
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