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Unit 2: Civilization
Pre AP World: Rise of Civilizations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| prehistory | The period of time before writing was invented |
| historian | A person who studies how people lived in the past |
| artifact | An object made by humans |
| anthropology | The study of the origins and development of people and their sovieties |
| culture | The way of life of a society, which is handed down from one generation to the next by learning and experience |
| archaeology | the study of people and cultures through material remains |
| Olduvai Gorge | Located in east africa, the gorge is made of numerous sedimentary layers of ash and lava deposited over millions of years. Used as a geological yardstick for measuring early stone tools and hominid bones at the site. |
| technology | The skills and tools people use to meet their basic needs |
| Mary Leakey | Archaeologist, person who married Louis Leakey and dug with him for 30 years digging in East Africa for early human remains. She eventually found some and this helps us understand hominids more. |
| Louis Leakey | Archaeologist, searched with Mary Leakey for 30 years in Eastern Africa for early human remains. Eventually found some and it helps us understand hominids more now. |
| Donald Johanson | Anthropologist, found one of the most important early humans, a skeleton he named Lucy, (skeletal remains of her). She stood upright but with a small brain. |
| old stone age | The era of prehistory that lasted from 2 million B.C.E - 9000 B.C.E (also called the Paleolithic Period/Era) |
| paleolithic period/era | The era of prehistory that lasted from 2 million B.C.E - 9000 B.C.E (also called the Old Stone Age) |
| new stone age | The final era of prehistory, which began about 9000 B.C.E - 3000 B.C.E. (Also called the Neolithic Period/Era) |
| neolithic period/era | The final era of prehistory, which began about 9000 B.C.E - 3000 B.C.E. (Also called the New Stone Age) |
| nomad | Person who moves from place to place in search of food. |
| animism | The belief that spirits and forces live with animals, objects, and/or dreams |
| neolithic revolution | The period of time during which the introduction of agriculture led people to transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled in lifestyles. |
| domesticate | To tame animals and adapt crops so they are best suited to use by humans. |
| Catal Huyuk | One of the worlds first villages, established in modern day Turkiye around 2000 B.C.E |
| Jericho | The worlds first village, established in modern day West Bank between 10000 B.C.E and 9000 B.C.E |
| surplus | Amount that is more than needed; excess |
| traditional economy | Undeveloped economic systems and cultural development and organization that is considered most advanced. |
| steppe | A vast, treeless plain |
| polytheistic | belief in many gods |
| artisan | A skilled craftsperson |
| pictograph | A simple drawing that looks like the object it represents |
| scribe | (In ancient civilizations) A person specially trained to read, write, and keep records |
| cultural diffusion | Spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one person to another |
| city-state | A political unit that includes a city and its surrounding lands and villages |
| empire | A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler |
| Fertile Crescent | Region of the middle east in with civilizations first aroze in. |
| Mesopotamia | Region within the Fertile Crescent that lies between the Tigris and Euphrates River. |
| Sumer | Site of the worlds first civilization, located in Southeastern Mesopotamia |
| Epic of Gilgameslr | Mesopotamian narrative poem that was first recited in Sumer |
| hierarcy | System of ranking groups |
| ziggurat | In Ancient Mesopotamia, a large steeped platform thought to have been topped by a temple dedicated to a city-states chief god or goddess. |
| cuneiform | In the Ancient Middle East, a system of writing that used wedge shaped marks. |
| subcontinent | large landmass that juts out from a continent |
| plateau | raised area of level land |
| monsoon | seasonal wind that regularly blows from a certain direction for part of the year |
| Harrapa | Large ancient city of the Indus Civilization, located in present day Pakistan |
| Mohenjo-Daro | Large ancient city of the Indus Civilization, located in present day Pakistan |
| veneration | special reguard |
| codify | to arrange or set down writing |
| civil law | branch of law that deals with private rights and matters |
| criminal law | branch of law that deals with offenses against each other |
| bureaucracy | system of government through departments and subdivisions administered by officials who follow set rules |
| barter economy | economic system in which goods or services is exchanged for another |
| money economy | economic system in which one set of goods or services are paid for through the exchange of a token of an agreed value |
| colony | territory settled and ruled by people from another land |
| alphabet | writing system in which each symbol represents a single basic sound |
| civilization | an advanced stage of human society marked by a well-organized government and high levels of culture, science, and industry. |
Created by:
Anwaar Khan
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