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Medical Terminology
Mod. 2: Body Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abdominal cavity | The large ventral cavity below the diaphragm and above the pelvic cavity |
| abdominopelvic cavity | The large ventral cavity between the diaphragm and pelvis that includes the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | The energy compound of the cell that stores energy needed for cell activities |
| anatomic position | Standard position for anatomic studies, in which the body is erect and facing forward, the arms are at the sides with palms forward, and the feet are parallel |
| carbohydrates | The category of organic compounds that includes sugars and starches |
| cell | The basic structural and functional unit of the living organism, a microscopic unit that combines with other cells to form tissues Root: cyt/o |
| chromosomes | A thread-like body in a cell's nucleus that contains genetic information |
| cranial cavity | The dorsal cavity that contains the brain |
| cytoplasm | The fluid that fills a cell and holds the organelles |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | The genetic compound of the cell, makes up the genes |
| enzymes | An organic substance that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction |
| frontal plane | Plane of section that separates the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions |
| genes | An organic compound involved in the manufacture of proteins within cells |
| glucose | A simple sugar that circulates in the blood, the main energy source for metabolism Roots: gluc/o, glyc/o |
| histology | Study of tissues |
| homeostasis | A steady state, a condition of internal stability and constancy |
| lipids | A category of organic compounds that includes fats Root: lip/o |
| membrane | A simple, very thin, and pliable sheet of tissue that might cover an organ, line a cavity, or separate structures |
| metabolism | The sum of all the physical and chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
| mitosis | Cell division |
| mucus | A thick fluid secreted by cells in membranes and glands that lubricates and protects tissues; the adjective is mucous Roots: muc/o, myx/o |
| nucleus | The cell's control center; directs all cellular activities based on the information contained in its chromosomes Roots: nucle/o, kary/o |
| organelles | A specialized structure in the cytoplasm of a cell that |
| organs | A part of the body with a specific function, a component of a body system |
| pelvic cavity | The ventral cavity that is below the abdominal cavity |
| peritoneum | The large serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and supports the abdominal organs |
| proteins | A category of organic compounds that includes structural materials, enzymes, and some horomones |
| riboneucleic acid (RNA) | An organic compound involved in the manufacture of proteins within cells |
| sagittal plane | plane that divides the body into left and right portions |
| spinal cavity | dorsal cavity that contains the spinal cord |
| thoracic cavity | The ventral cavity above the diaphragm, the chest cavity |
| tissues | a group of cells that acts together for a specific purpose; types include epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue connective tissue, Roots: hist/o, histi/o |
| transverse (horizontal) plane | Plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions |
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