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endocrine system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The endocrine system is made up of glands called | endocrine glands |
| The endocrine glands secrete chemical substances called | hormones |
| What do hormones do | regulate the activities of other organs and glands in the body |
| What role do hormones play | growth and reproduction. |
| The pituitary gland is also called | master gland |
| where is the pituitary gland located | located at the base of the brain behind the eyes |
| The pituitary gland is divided into 2 parts | anterior pituitary lobe and the posterior pituitary lobe |
| The anterior pituitary lobe secretes the following: | Growth hormone, Reproductive hormones, Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| the endocrine system consists of | pineal gland, pituary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries or testes |
| The posterior pituitary lobe secretes | antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin |
| Oxytocin causes | uterine muscles to contract during childbirth |
| antidiuretic hormone does what | prevents the kidneys from excreting excessive amounts of water |
| The thyroid gland, shaped like a butterfly secretes | thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) and calcitonin |
| Thyroid hormones regulate | metabolism |
| what is metabolism | the burning of nutrients by the cells to produce heat and energy |
| Too little of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 results in | slowed body processes, slowed movements, and weight gain. |
| Too much of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 results in | increased metabolism, excess energy, and weight loss. |
| The parathyroid glands are | four small collections of cells, two on each side of the thyroid gland, and they secrete parathormone |
| Parathormone also regulates the body’s use of | calcium |
| Calcium is needed for the proper functioning of | nerves, contraction of muscles, bone development, and blood clotting |
| Insufficient amounts of calcium cause tetany—a state of | severe muscle contraction and spasm |
| There are two adrenal glands located | one on the top of each kidney |
| The adrenal gland has two parts: | the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex. |
| The adrenal medulla secretes | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulate the body to | produce energy during emergencies so that heart rate, blood pressure, muscle power, and energy all increase |
| The adrenal cortex secretes three groups of hormones | 1. glucocorticoids, which regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates and control the body’s response to stress and inflammation (2) mineralocorticoids, which regulate the amount of salt and water absorbed and lost by the kidneys (3) small amounts of male and female sex hormones. |
| The pancreas secretes what | both insulin and glucagon |
| what is glucose | sugar |
| Insulin is needed for | sugar to enter cells |
| too little insulin means | sugar cannot enter cells, resulting in excess amounts of sugar building up in blood |
| The gonads are the glands of | human reproduction. Male sex glands (testes) secrete testosterone. Female sex glands (ovaries) secrete estrogen and progesterone |
| A chemical substance produced by the cells of specialized glands and secreted into the bloodstream. | hormones |
| what is metabolism | The chemical processes carried out by the cells of the body that create and use energy and produce cellular waste products as a result |
Created by:
ReneeStewart
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