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chapter2rubenstein
chapter 2 vocabulary of the 8th edition rubenstein textbook
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Demography | The scientific study of population characteristics |
| Overpopulation | The number of people in an area exceeds the capasity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. |
| Ecumene | The portion of the Earth's surface that is covered by permanent human settlement. |
| Arithmetic Density | The total number of people divided by the total land area. |
| Physiological Density | the number of people per unit of area of arable land (land sutible for farming) |
| Agricultural Density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agricultural. |
| Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society |
| Crude Death Rate (CDR) | The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society |
| Natural Increase Rate (NIR) | The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the CBR minus the CDR |
| Doubling Time | the number of years needed to double a population (assuming the NIR stays at a constant rate) |
| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | The average number of children a woman will have throughout her child-bearing years. |
| Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) | the total number of of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year of agefor every 1,000 live births. |
| Life Expectancy | The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. (women normaly have a higer life expectancy then men) |
| Demographic Transition | The process of change in a society's population. |
| Stage 1 | Low growth: CBR-high CDR-high NIR-stable |
| Stage 2 | High growth: CBR-high CDR-drops NIR-increases |
| Stage 3 | Moderate growth: CBR-drops CDR-low NIR-drops |
| Stage 4 | Low growth: CBR-low CDR-low NIR-stable *zero population growth* |
| Agricultural Revolution | The time when humans frist began to domesticate plants and animals. (stage 1) |
| Industrial Revolution | A series of im provments in industrial technology that tranformed the process of manufacturing goods. (stage 2) |
| Dependency Ratio | The number of people under the age of 15 and over the age of 64, compared to the number of people active in the labor force. |
| Sex Ratio | The number of males per 100 females in the population. |
| Population Pyramid | A bar graph representing the distribution by age and sex. |
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sammie924
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